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1 τήμερον
τήμερον, adv., auch τήμερα (aus τῇ ἡμέρᾳ entstanden), att. statt des ion. u. gemeinen σήμερον, heute; comic., s. Piers. Moer. p. 364; ἡ τήμερον ἡμέρα, Plat. Phaed. 61 c; εἰς τήμερον, Conv. 174 a; τὸ τήμερον, 176 e; τὸ τήμερον εἶναι, für heute, Crat. 396 d; Folgde überall.
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2 τήμερον
τήμερον, heute; τὸ τήμερον εἶναι, für heute -
3 εἰμί
εἰμί, ich bin; Wurzel ἘΣ; praes. 1. Pers. εἰμί, ἐμμί, Sapph. frg. bei Longin. 10, 2 u. Theocr. 20, 32; 2. εἰ, ion. u. ep. εἶς, dor. u. ep. ἐσσί, enklit., wie auch εἶς gebraucht ist, Od. 4, 611; 3. ἐστί, dor. u. äol. ἐντί, Theocr. 1, 17; Inscr.; plur. 1. ἐσμέν, ion. u. ep. εἰμέν, wie Pind. P. 3, 60; sonst dor, εἰμές, Theocr. 2, 5; ἐμέν, Callim. frg. 294; 2. ἐστέ, 3. εἰσί, ion. ἔᾱσι, dor. ἐντί, Theocr. 5, 109; conj. ὦ, ep. ἔω u. s. w., ep. gedehnt εἴω, εἴῃς, εἴῃ, ἔῃσϑα Hes. O. 312, ᾖσι, 3. sing., ib. 292; opt. εἴην u. s. w., ep. ἔοιμι, ἔοι, Her. 7, 6; εἴησϑα, Theogn. 715; imp. ἴσϑι, u. aus dem med. ἔσσο, Od. 1, 392 u. Sapph. frg. bei Dion. Hal. C. V. 23, Sp. auch ἔσο, 3. ἔστω, auch ἤτω, bes. Sp., wie N. T.; 3. plur. ἔστωσαν, ἔστων u. ὄντων, Plat. Legg. IX, 879 b, dor. ἐόντω, Inscr. 1704 u. öfter. – Inf. εἶναι, ep. ἔμμεν u. ἔμμεναι, auch ἔμεν, ἔμεναι, dor. auch ἦμεν, Theocr. 11, 50; ἦμες, 8, 73; εἶμεν bei Thuc. 5, 77; εἴμεναι, megarisch, Ar. Ach. 775. – Part. ὤν, οὖσα, ὄν, ep. u. ion. ἐών, dor. ἐοῖσα, Theocr. 2, 64; εὖντα, 2, 3; – impf. ἦν, ep. ἔον, Il. 23, 643, so auch 11, 762 bei Bekker für ἔην; ἔσκον oft; ion. auch ἔα, ἔας, verlängert ἦα, 3. ἦεν; auch ἔην u. ἤην, 2. ἦς, gew. ἦσϑα u. poet. ἔησϑα; ἦμες, wir waren, Theocr. 14, 29; ἦσαν, ion. u. dor. ἔσαν, auch ἔσσαν, Pind. Ol. 9, 57; aus dem med. ἤμην, Xen. Cyr. 6, 1, 9 u. Lys. 7, 34; die anderen Personen in guter Attischer Prosa nicht; bei Homer εἴατο (= ἦντο) Iliad. 15, 10. 24, 84 Odyss. 20, 106, var. lect. εἵατο (= ἧντο), s. Lehrs Aristarch. ed. 2 p. 331; – fut. ἔσομαι, ep. ἔσσομαι, auch Pind. P. 8, 108, wie ἔσσεται, H. Pind., u. ἐσσεῖται, Il. 2, 393. 13, 317, wie Theocr. 7, 67, ἐσσῇ, 2. Perf., 10, 5; ἔσται Pind. P. 4, 63 u. sonst gew.; part. ἐσόμενος, ep. u. dor. ἐσσόμενος. – Adj. verb. ἐστέον. – Der ganze ind. praes. mit Ausnahme von εἶ ist inklinationssähig u. wird inklinirt, wenn εἰμί logische Copula ist; ἔστι wird auch im Anfang des Satzes u. nach εἰ, εἴπερ, ὅτι, ὡς, οὐκ, μή, καί, ἆρα (ἆρ'), ἀλλά (ἀλλ'), δέ (δ') und dem apostrophirten τοῠτ' geschrieben, nicht nach τοῠτο, τοῠτ' ἔστι, τοῠτό ἐστι. – 1) vorhanden sein, existiren, von Hom. an überall; – a) wirklich sein, im Ggstz des Scheinens; οὐ γὰρ δοκεῖν ἄριστος ἀλλ' εἶναι ϑέλει Aesch. Spt. 552; Xen. Cyr. 8, 1, 41; Thuc. 1, 10 διπλασίαν τὴν δύναμιν εἰκάζεσϑαι ἢ ἔστιν, als sie wirklich ist; τοῠτο ὃ ἔστι, das wahre Sein, Plat. Phaed. 75 b u. öfter; bes. im partic. ὁ ἐὼν λόγος, der wahre, Her. 1, 95. 116, u. τὸ ὄν, das wahrhaft Seiende, οὐ παρὰ τὰ ὄντα δοξάζοντες Plat. Phaedr. 262 b; τὰ ὄντα ἀπαγγέλλειν Thuc. 7, 8, die Wahrheit melden; Xen. An. 4, 4, 15; τῷ ἐόντι χρῆσϑαι, die Wahrheit sagen, Her. 1, 30; ὑπόϑεσιν παριστάντες ὑμῖν οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν, nicht die wirkliche, Dem. 3, 1; τὰ ὄντα, das Vorhandene, die ganze Schöpfung, aber auch = οὐσία, χρήματα, das Vermögen, Xen. An. 7, 8, 22 Cyr. 3, 1, 3 Plut. Anton. 24; τῷ ὄντι, in der That, wirklich, wahrhaft, τὰ τῷ ὄντι δίκαια Plat. Phaedr. 260 a; ἡ τῷ ὄντι ξυγγένεια Henez. 244 a; verstärkt ὡς ἀληϑῶς τῷ ὄντι, Phaed. 66 c; vgl. Xen. Conv. 2, 24. – b) leben; εἰ δέ κε τεϑνηῶτος ἀκούσῃς μηδ' ἔτ' ἐόντος, daß er nicht mehr lebt, Od. 1, 289; οὐ δὴν ἦν, er lebte nicht lange, Il. 6, 151; ἔτι εἰσί, sie sind noch am Leben, Ot. 15, 432 u. öfter; die Götter αἰὲν ἐόντες, die Nachkommen ἐσσόμενοι, die Lebenden οἱ ὄντες, Pol. 9, 29, 2. Oft so Tragg., Νέστωρ ὁ Πύλιος ἔστιν Soph. Phil. 420; οἵδ' οὐκέτ' εἰσί Eurip. Med. 1370; οὐκέτ' εἴμ' ἐγώ Ar. Ach. 1148; Her. 3, 65; ὁ οὐκ ὤν, der Todte, Thuc. 2, 44. Vollständiger, ἐν φάει, μετὰ ζώντων εἶναι, Soph. Phil. 413. 1296; Eur. Hec. 1214; auch von Sachen, ὄλωλεν, οὐδ' ἔτ' ἔστι Τροία Troad. 1290; ὧν ὑπομνήματα ἦσαν ὄντες οἱ στέφανοι, das Bestehen der Kränze, Dem. 22, 74. – c) fortdauern, fortbestehen; ὡς ἔστιν ἡ ψυχὴ ἀποϑανόντος τοῦ ἀνϑρώπου Plat. Phaed. 70 b; vgl. Conv. 190 b; ὁ νῠν ἔτι ὤν Prot. 316 d; übh. dauern, ἕως ἂν ὁ πόλεμος ᾖ Thuc. 1, 58; ζώντων Ἀϑηναίων καὶ ὄντων Dem. 18, 72. – d) Oft mit einem relativ. verbunden, εἰσὶν οἵ, es giebt Leute, welche, d. h. einige, manche, οὐκ ἔστιν ὅστις πλὴν ἐμοῠ κείραιτό νιν, es giebt nicht Einen, der, d. i. keiner außer mir, Aesch. Ch. 670, wie οὐκ ἔσϑ' ὃς σῆς γε κύνας κεφαλῆς ἀπαλάλκοι, Od., u. so Folgde überall; οὐκ ἔστιν ὅτῳ μείζονα μοῖραν νείμαιμι Aesch. Prom. 291; ἔσϑ' ὅτε, bisweilen, Soph. Ai. 56; Pind. frg. 172; τὸ γὰρ λευκὸν τῷ μέλανι ἔστιν ὅπῃ (in gewisser Beziehung) ἔοικε Plat. Prot. 331 d; ἔστιν ὁπόϑεν Phil. 53 a; ἔστιν ἔνϑα Xen. Cyr. 7, 4, 15; οὐκ ἔστιν, ὅτου ἕνεκα, es ist kein Grund, weswegen, An. 2, 5, 23; ἔσϑ' ὅπως, auf irgend eine Art, Plat. Rep. VI, 493 e; οὐκ ἔσϑ' ὅπως Pind. frg. 33; Her. 7, 102; οὐκ ἔσϑ' ὅπως οὐκ ἐπιϑήσεται, es ist nicht möglich, daß nicht, d. i. nothwendiger Weise, Xen. An. 2, 4, 3; vgl. οὐ γὰρ ἔσϑ' ὅπου μ' όλεῖς Soph. O. R. 448; häufig steht ἔστιν auch bei folgdm plur., ἔστιν οὓς ἐπαινῶ, einige, Plat. Prot. 346 e; ἔστιν ὅτε καὶ οἷς βέλτιον τεϑνάναι ἢ ζῆν, für einige u. zuweilen, Phaed. 62 a; αὐχμοὶ ἔστι παρ' οἷς μεγάλοι, bei einigen, Thuc. 1, 23; πλὴν Ἀχαιῶν καὶ ἔστιν ὧν ἄλλων ἐϑνῶν 3, 92; vgl. τῶν ποταμῶν ἔστι τῶν Her. 7, 187. Hieran kann man das sogen. schema Pindaricum reihen, wo vor einem dual. oder plur. der sing. steht, ἦν δ' ἀμφίπλεκτοι κλίμακες Soph. Tr. 517; εἰ δ' ἔστι δίττω τὼ βίω Plat. Gorg. 560 d; ἔστι – ἄρχοντές τε καὶ δῆμος Rep. V, 462 e; ἦν ἄρα κἀκεῖνοι ταλακάρδιοι ep. bei Aesch. 3, 184. – Ueber ἄρ' ἦν vgl. ἄρα. – e) Mit dem dat. der Person, ἔστι μοι, es ist für mich da, ich habe, besitze; ἓξ δέ οἱ υἷες ἔασιν Il. 24, 399; πρὸ τοῠ μὲν αἰδὼς ἦν ἐμοὶ λέγειν τάδε, ich scheute mich, Aesch. Ag. 1177; ἦν ἧμιν Λάϊός ποϑ' ἡγεμών Soph. O. R. 103; ἔστι τέκνα καὶ τῷδε Eur. Hec. 340; σκεψώμεϑα τί τοῠτ' ἔσται τῇ πόλει, was dies dem Staate nützen soll, Dem. 20, 20; ἔφασαν σφίσι τε καὶ Ἀϑηναίοισι εἶναι οὐδὲν πρῆγμα, sie hätten mit den Athenern Nichts zu schaffen, Her. 5, 84; vgl. Dem. 18, 283: τί τῷ νόμῳ καὶ βασάνῳ 29, 36. – Hierher gehört die Vrbdg mit dem dat. des partic., bes. der Verba wollen, wünschen, ἐμοὶ δέ κεν ἀσμένῳ εἴη, es würde mir lieb sein, Il. 14, 108; ἐμοὶ βουλομένῳ ἦν (s. βούλομαι); ἦν αὐτῷ προςδεχομένῳ, = προςεδέχετο, Thuc. 6, 46; ἔστι μοι ἡδομένῳ Antiph. 6, 8. – f) ἔστι mit folgdm inf., es findet Statt, ist möglich, geht an, εἴ τί που ἔστι, wenn es möglich ist, Od. 4, 193; bes. mit der Negation, οὐκ ἔστι Διῒ μάχεσϑαι, man kann nicht mit Zeus kämpfen, Il. 21, 193; vgl. 13, 786. 15, 556. 20, 97; οὐκ ἔστ' οὐδ' ἔοικε τεὸν ἔπος ἀρνήσασϑαι 14, 212; οὔ πως ἔστι, Od. 5, 137; οὐδέ πη ἔστιν, Il. 6, 267. 24, 71; ϑάλασσα δ' οὐκ ἔτ' ἦν ἰδεῖν, war nicht mehr zu sehen, Aesch. Pers. 411; οὐκ ἔστι πέρσαι σοι τὸ Δαρδάνου πέδον Soph. Phil. 69; oft mit der Negation. auch mit folgdm ὥστε, ἆρ' ἔστιν ὥστε κἀγγύϑεν ϑέαν λαβεῖν 652; vgl. Eur. Hipp. 705; περὶ ὧν ἰδόντι μόνον ἐστὶν εἰδέναι Plat. Theaet. 201 b; ἄλλα μυρί' ἂν εἴη λέγειν, man könnte viel Anderes sagen, Polit. 271 e; ἐδόκει τὸ ἀπάγειν οὐκ εἶναι ἄνευ πολλῶν νεκρῶν, schien ohne großen Verlust nicht möglich, Xen. An. 5, 2, 9; ἔστι μὲν – ἔστι δέ entspricht sich so, Plat. Theaet. 192 e; Xen. Cyr. 1, 6, 11; vgl. Od. 15, 391. – Zuweilen folgt der acc. c. inf., οὔπως ἔστιν – μεϑ' ὑμῖν δαίνυσϑαί τ' ἀκέοντα Od. 2, 310; ἁδόντα δ' εἴη με τοῖς ἀγαϑοῖς ὁμιλεῖν Pind. P. 2, 90; ἦ γάρ ποτ' ἔστιν ἐκπεσεῖν ἀρχῆς Δία Aesch. Prom, 759; vgl. Pers. 100; οὐκ ἔστι τοὺς ϑανόντας ἐς φάος μολεῖν Eur. Alc. 1079; τὰς ναῦς οὐκ ἔστιν ἀνελκύσαντας διαψῠξαι Thuc. 7, 12; der dat., ἔστι δὲ τερπομένοισιν ἀκούειν, Od. 15, 393. – Oft οὐκ ἔστι, οὐκ ἔστι ταῠτα, das geht nicht an, ist nicht möglich; – das partic., ἐκβῆναι οὐκ ὄν, da es nicht anging, Dem. 50, 22; vgl. χαλεπὸν ὄν, obgleich es schwer ist, 55, 35. – 2) sein als Copula, überall. Zu bemerken sind die Fälle, – a) wo das adv. dabei steht u. εἶναι eigentlich die Existenz, das adv. eine Modification derselben ausspricht; οὕτω πη τάδε, γ' ἐστὶ – ὡς ἀγορεύεις, so verhält es sich, Il. 24, 373; οὐδὲ Λυκόοργος δὴν ἦν 6, 130; διαγνῶναι χαλεπῶς ἦν ἄνδρα ἕκαστον 7, 424; Κουρήτεσσι κακῶς ἦν Il. 9, 551. Seltener in Prosa; ἡ διακομιδὴ ἀσφαλέως ἡμῖν ἔσται Her. 3, 134; ὁποτέρως ἔσται, ἐν ἀδήλῳ Thuc. 1, 78; ἔλασσον εἶναι, im Nachtheil stehen, 6, 88; vgl. 5, 23; διαφερόντως εἶναι Plat. Legg. X, 892 c. Häufig καλῶς εἶναι, Xen. An. 4, 3, 8. 7, 3, 43. Davon zu unterscheiden sind die adv., welche die Stelle fehlender adj. vertreten, ἐγγύς, πόῤῥω, ἐμποδὼν εἶναι u. ä. – b) das partic. ὤν entspricht oft dem deutschen als, wenn es eine Apposition anfügt, τοιοῦτος ὤν, als ein solcher, bes. häufig bei Altersbestimmungen u. wenn ein Substantiv od. Adjectiv mit einem Particip verbunden werden soll, ἀνὴρ συμφορῇ ἐχόμενος καὶ οὐ καϑαρὸς χεῖρας ἐών Her. 1, 35. – c) mit Participien bildet es nicht selten Umschreibungen, in denen aber der Begriff des Seins von dem des Verbums aus einander zu halten ist, c. praes., Ὀρέστης φεύγων ἐστί, ist ein Fliehender, auf der Flucht, nicht = φεύγει, Aesch. Ch. 134, wie αἰδόμενός τις ἔστω Eum. 519, Einer, der im Zustande des Scheu Empfindenden verharrt; ὅτοις τάδ' ἔστ' ἀρέσκοντα Soph. O. R. 274; οὐδέν ἐστ' ἀπόν 1285; ἦ γὰρ εἴην οὐκ ἂν εὖ φρονῶν Ai. 1309; δρῶν γὰρ ἦν τοιαῦτά με 1303; ἐμοὶ μὲν ἥδ' ὁδὸς ἔσται μέλουσα Phil. 1435. – Anders mit dem Artikel, τίς δ' ἦν ὁ ἔχων, wer war der, der da hatte, der Besitzer, Xen. Cyr. 7, 2, 28; ἔσται ὁ κρίνων, der Richter 2, 3, 12; τίς ἔσται οὑπικωλύσων τάδε; Soph. Phil. 1226; ὅστις ἦν ἐκεῖνον ὁ κτανών O. R. 140; αὐτὸς ἦν ὁ μαρτυρῶν, der Zeuge, Aesch. Eum. 765; Suppl. 566 u. A. – Ganz verschieden, wo das Particip für sich zu nehmen, wie Xen. καὶ ἐνϑάδ' εἰμὶ σὺν πολλῷ φόβῳ διάγων, ich bin hier, u. zwar mit großer Furcht, An. 3, 3, 2. – Καὶ τί ποτ' ἐστὶν οὗτος ἐκείνου διαφέρων, anders als διαφέρει, worin ist er (dauernd) unterschieden, Plat. Gorg. 500 c; ἔστι δὲ ὄντως ὄν Legg. X, 894 a; vgl. Her. 3, 49. 108. – Am häufigsten c. part. perf.; τετληότες εἰμέν Il. 5, 873; εἰ δ' ἦν τεϑνηκώς Aesch. Ag. 843; ἐκ πατρὸς μέν εἰμι Τελαμῶνος γεγώς Soph. Ai. 1278; τίς χρόνος τοῖςδ' ἐστὶν ἐληλυϑώς O. R. 735; ὧν πρότερον ἐπιστήμην εἰληφότες ἦμεν Plat. Phaed. 76 b; πόσον ἁμάρτημα φῂς εἶναι γεγονὸς ἡμῖν Crat. 274 e; δεδρακότες εἰσίν Thuc. 3, 68; βεβοηϑηκότες ἦσαν Xen. An. 6, 2, 24; im pass., ὡς ἕκαστος ἦν τεταγμένος Aesch. Pers. 373; ὁϑούνεκ' ἔσοιϑ' ἅμ' ὠρφανισμένος Soph. Tr. 937. – C. part. aor., προδείσας εἶμί Soph. O. R. 90; οὐ σιωπήσας ἔσει 1146; τίν' αὐδὴν τήνδε γηρυϑεῖσ' ἔσῃ Aesch. Suppl. 455; κατακανόντες ἔσεσϑε Xen. An. 7, 6, 36. – 3) Dieses sein wird mit dem gen. u. mit vielen Präpositionen zur genauern Bestimmung des Prädicats verbunden: – a) mit dem gen., zunächst die Abkunft od. Abstammung auszudrücken; πατρὸς δ' εἴμ' ἀγαϑοῖο, αἵματός εἰς ἀγαϑοῖο, von gutem Vater, aus gutem Geblüt, Od. 4, 611; ὢν ἐλευϑέρου πατρός Aesch. Ch. 902; πατρὸς μὲν οὖσα γένεσιν Εὐρύτου Soph. Ir. 379; τίνος εἶ σπέρματος πατρόϑεν O. C. 214; γένος μέν εἰμι τῆς περιῤῥύτου Σκύρου Phil. 239; sonst mit ἐκ, z. B. ἐκ Παιονίης Il. 21, 154; ἐξ ἐλευϑέρων ἀνδρῶν Soph. Tr. 300; vgl. ἐκ; – πατρὸς τίνος ἐστὶ καὶ μητρός; Plat. Conv. 203 a; οἰκίας μεγάλης καὶ εὐδαίμονος Prot. 316 b, aus einem großen Hause; so ἀπό Plat. Conv. 181 b, ἐκ Gorg. 471 a; – πόλεως ἐλαχίστης, μεγίστης εἶ, Thuc. 4, 59 Xen. An. 7, 3, 19; vgl. Thuc. 3, 70; Xen. An. 3, 1, 13; – ἐνϑυμήϑητε ἃ ἔσται ἐντεῠϑεν, was daraus entstehen wird, 7, 1, 25. – Auch = bestehen aus, ἡ κρηπίς ἐστι λίϑων μεγάλων Her. 1, 93. – b) mit dem gen., zur Bezeichnung einer Pflicht, Eigenthümlichkeit u. dgl., es ist die Sache; οὔτοι γυναικός ἐστιν ἱμείρειν μάχης Aesch. Ag. 914; vgl. Spt. 212; τό γ' αἴνιγμα οὐχὶ τοὐπιόντος ἦν ἀνδρὸς διειπεῖν, es konnte nicht der Erste Beste lösen, Soph. O. R. 393; σωφρόνων ἐστί Thuc. 1, 120; ἆρ' οὖν παντὸς ἀνδρός ἐστιν ἐκλέξασϑαι Plat. Gorg. 500 a; τῶν νικώντων τὸ ἄρχειν ἐστίν, das Herrschen kommt den Siegern zu, Xen. An. 2, 1, 4; τὸ ναυτικὸν τέχνης ἐστί Thuc. 1, 142, erfordert Kunst; ἔστιν ὁ πόλεμος οὐχ ὅπλων τὸ πλέον, ἀλλὰ δαπάνης 1, 83; vgl. 5, 9; αὐτὸ τὸ σιγᾶν ὁμολογοῠντός ἐστί σου, verräth, daß du es zugiebst, Eur. I. A. 1151. Sprichwörtlich οὐ παντὸς ἀνδρὸς εἰς Κόρινϑόν ἐσϑ' ὁ πλοῠς, nicht Jeder kann nach Korinth fahren; τὸ ἐπιτιμᾶν παντὸς εἶναι, tadeln könne Jeder, Dem. 1, 16. – c) mit dem gen., das Eigenthum ausdrückend u. die Unterwürfigkeit; Τροίαν Ἀχαιῶν οὖσαν Aesch. Ag. 260; πόλις γάρ ἐστι πᾶσα τῶν ἡγουμένων Soph. Phil. 386; τὸ κράτος ἐστὶ τοῦ βασιλέος Her. 3, 117; Κοτύωρα ἦν ἐκείνων Xen. An. 5, 5, 7; ἔλαϑον ὄντες ἀεὶ τῶν ἐπιϑεμένων Plat. Polit. 307 c, eine Beute derer, die sie angriffen; vgl. Gorg. 508 d; μήτε συγγνώμης μήτ' ἄλλου μηδενός εἰσιν, ἀλλ' ἢ τοῠ πλείονος, sondern nur dem Gewinn ergeben, nehmen weder auf Mirleid noch sonst Etwas Rücksicht, Dem. 37, 53. Häufig ἑαυτοῦ εἶναι, sein eigener Herr sein. – Hieran reiht sich οὐδετέρων ὄντες, neutral, Thuc. 5, 84; τῆς αὐτῆς γνώμης εἶναι 5, 46; τούτου τοῠ τρόπου πώς εἰμ' ἀεί Ar. Plut. 246; εἶ γὰρ τῶν φίλων 345, gehörst zu den Freunden; Ἀϑηναῖοί εἰσι τῶν ἡγουμένων, gehören zu den Anführern, Plat. Prot. 324 c; ἔστι γὰρ δὴ τῶν καλλίστων σοφία Conv. 204 b; ἅτε τοῠ Ἀπόλλωνος ὄντες, dem Apollo geweiht, Phaed. 75 b; ἔστι τῶν αἰσχρῶν, es gehört zu den schimpflichen Dingen, ist schimpflich, Dem. 2, 2. – Auch das Alter wird so bezeichnet, εἶναι ἐτῶν τριάκοντα, von dreißig Jahren sein, Xen. Hell. 3, 1, 14; vgl. Her. 1, 26. – d) ἔκ τινος εἶναι, s. ἐκ, bestehen; ἐξ ὀνομάτων μόνον οὐκ ἔστι ποτὲ λόγος Plat. Soph. 262 a; ἐκ πολλῶν μερῶν ὄν, daraus bestehend, 245 b; – δ ιὰ φόβου εἶναι, = φοβεῖσϑαι u. ä., s. διά; – εἴς τινα, sich auf Einen beziehen; ἐλπίδες εἰς τὸν ἔπειτα χρόνον οὖσαι Plat. Phil. 39 e; Alc. I, 126 a; – ἐν τινι, häufige Umschreibung, ἐν ὀργῇ εἶναι = ὀργίζεσϑαι, wie versari; ἐν τῇ τέχνῃ εἶναι, s. ἐν; – εἰ γὰρ ἐν τούτῳ εἴη, wenn es daran läge, Plat. Prot. 310 e; ἐπί τινι εἶναι, s. ἐπί; – μετά τινος u. σύν τινι, wie ἀμφί u. περί τινι εἶναι, s. diese Präpositionen. – 4) In vielen Vrbdgn liegt in εἶναι mehr als das bloße sein: – a) bedeu ten; τὸ γὰρ εἴρειν λέγειν ἐστί Plat. Crat. 398 d; οὐκοῠν τὸ ἐν ὄχλῳ τοῦτό ἐστιν ἐν τοῖς μὴ εἰδόσιν Gorg. 459 a; οἱ δοκοῠντες εἶναί τι, die sich Etwas zu sein dünken, vgl. οὐδὲν εἴμ' ἄρα, Ar. Vesp. 997; Xen. Cyr. 6, 2, 8; τὰ δὶς πέντε δέκα ἐστίν, zweimal fünf macht zehn. Bes. τοῠτ' ἔστιν, das heißt, bedeutet; ὅπερ ἐστί, was soviel bedeutet wie, Plut. Popl. 17. – b) sich befinden, aufhalten, Thuc. u. A. – c) entstehen, sich ereignen u. dgl.; ὅϑεν τὰ δεινὰ πλήγματ' ἦν γενειάδων Eur. I. T 1366; αὐτίκα βοὴ ἦν Thuc. 3, 22; τί οὖν ἦν τοῦτο; wie kam das? Plat. Phaed. 58 a; ἔσται τοίνυν σοι, ἐὰν ἐμοὶ συνῇς, ἀπιέναι βελτίονι γεγονότι Prot. 318 a; vgl. Gorg. 455 d; πόϑεν γὰρ ἔσται βιοτά; Soph. Phil. 1160, woher soll Lebensunterhalt kommen? ἔσται ταῦτα, das soll geschehen, Plat. Theaet. 194 d; ὡς δ' ἦσαν ἐμβολαὶ δοράτων Plut. Coriol 9. – 5) Pleonastisch tritt εἶναι scheinbar hinzu in Vrbdgn, wie τόν ποτέ οἱ Κινύρης δῶκε ξεινήϊον εἶναι, Il. 11, 20, er gab es ihm, daß es ihm ein Gastgeschenk sei, zum Gastgeschenke; bes. bei nennen, μάτρωος δ' ἐκάλεσσέ μιν ἰσώνυμον ἔμμεν Pind. Ol. 9, 64, nannte ihn, so daß er denselben Namen hatte; σοφιστὴν δή τοι ὀνομάζουσι τὸν ἄνδρα εἶναι Plat. Prot. 311 e; στρατηγὸν ἀπεδέξαντο αὐτέων εἶναι Μελάνϑιον Her. 5, 97; auffallender in absoluten, bes. einschränkenden Zwischensätzen, ἐγὼ δὲ τούτοις ἅπασι κατὰ τοῠτο εἶναι οὐ ξυμφέρομαι, in dieser Beziehung, Plat. Prot. 317 a; τὸ κατὰ τοῠτον εἶναι Xen. An. 1, 6, 9, wenigstens was ihn betrifft; τὸ μὲν τήμερον εἶναι, für heute, Plat. Crat. 396 e; ἐάσωμεν τὸ νῠν εἶναι, für jetzt, Rep. VI, 506 e; Xen. An. 3, 2, 37 Cyr. 5, 3, 42; τὸ μὲν ἐπ' ἐκείνοις εἶναι ἀπολώλατε Hell. 3, 5, 9; τόγε ἐπ' ἐκείνῳ εἶναι ἐσώϑης Lys. 13, 58; τὸ ἐπ' ἐμοὶ εἶναι, so viel an mir liegt, Thuc. 8, 48; τὸ παρὰ τῶν εἰδότων εἰς δύναμιν εἶναι γεγραμμένα Plat. Polit. 300 c, nach Vermögen. Bes. häufig ἑκὼν εἶναι, s. d. W. – Ueber die Auslassungen der Copula εἶναι sind die Grammatiken und für Homer besonders Lehrs Aristarch. ed. 2 p. 364 zu vergleichen. Derselbe p. 344 über Formen von εἶναι zu Anfang des Verses.
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4 εἰμί
εἰμί, ich bin; (1) vorhanden sein, existieren. (a) wirklich sein, im Ggstz des Scheinens; διπλασίαν τὴν δύναμιν εἰκάζεσϑαι ἢ ἔστιν, als sie wirklich ist; τοῠτο ὃ ἔστι, das wahre Sein; ὁ ἐὼν λόγος, der wahre, u. τὸ ὄν, das wahrhaft Seiende; τὰ ὄντα ἀπαγγέλλειν, die Wahrheit melden; τῷ ἐόντι χρῆσϑαι, die Wahrheit sagen; ὑπόϑεσιν παριστάντες ὑμῖν οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν, nicht die wirkliche; τὰ ὄντα, das Vorhandene, die ganze Schöpfung, aber auch = οὐσία, χρήματα, das Vermögen; τῷ ὄντι, in der Tat, wirklich, wahrhaft. (b) leben; εἰ δέ κε τεϑνηῶτος ἀκούσῃς μηδ' ἔτ' ἐόντος, daß er nicht mehr lebt; οὐ δὴν ἦν, er lebte nicht lange; ἔτι εἰσί, sie sind noch am Leben; die Götter αἰὲν ἐόντες, die Nachkommen ἐσσόμενοι, die Lebenden οἱ ὄντες; ὁ οὐκ ὤν, der Tote. Vollständiger, ἐν φάει, μετὰ ζώντων εἶναι; auch von Sachen; ὧν ὑπομνήματα ἦσαν ὄντες οἱ στέφανοι, das Bestehen der Kränze. (c) fortdauern, fortbestehen; übh. dauern. (d) Oft mit einem relativ. verbunden, εἰσὶν οἵ, es gibt Leute, welche, d. h. einige, manche, οὐκ ἔστιν ὅστις πλὴν ἐμοῠ κείραιτό νιν, es gibt nicht einen, der, d. i. keiner außer mir; ἔσϑ' ὅτε, bisweilen; οὐκ ἔστιν, ὅτου ἕνεκα, es ist kein Grund, weswegen; ἔσϑ' ὅπως, auf irgend eine Art; οὐκ ἔσϑ' ὅπως οὐκ ἐπιϑήσεται, es ist nicht möglich, daß nicht, d. i. notwendiger Weise; ἔστιν ὅτε καὶ οἷς βέλτιον τεϑνάναι ἢ ζῆν, für einige u. zuweilen; αὐχμοὶ ἔστι παρ' οἷς μεγάλοι, bei einigen. (e) Mit dem dat. der Person, ἔστι μοι, es ist für mich da, ich habe, besitze; πρὸ τοῠ μὲν αἰδὼς ἦν ἐμοὶ λέγειν τάδε, ich scheute mich; σκεψώμεϑα τί τοῠτ' ἔσται τῇ πόλει, was dies dem Staate nützen soll; ἔφασαν σφίσι τε καὶ Ἀϑηναίοισι εἶναι οὐδὲν πρῆγμα, sie hätten mit den Athenern Nichts zu schaffen. Verba wollen, wünschen, ἐμοὶ δέ κεν ἀσμένῳ εἴη, es würde mir lieb sein. (f) ἔστι mit folgdm inf., es findet statt, ist möglich, geht an, εἴ τί που ἔστι, wenn es möglich ist; bes. mit der Negation, οὐκ ἔστι Διῒ μάχεσϑαι, man kann nicht mit Zeus kämpfen; ϑάλασσα δ' οὐκ ἔτ' ἦν ἰδεῖν, war nicht mehr zu sehen; ἄλλα μυρί' ἂν εἴη λέγειν, man könnte viel anderes sagen; ἐδόκει τὸ ἀπάγειν οὐκ εἶναι ἄνευ πολλῶν νεκρῶν, schien ohne großen Verlust nicht möglich; ἔστι μὲν ἔστι δέ entspricht sich so. Oft οὐκ ἔστι, οὐκ ἔστι ταῠτα, das geht nicht an, ist nicht möglich; ἐκβῆναι οὐκ ὄν, da es nicht anging; χαλεπὸν ὄν, obgleich es schwer ist. (2) sein als Copula, überall. (a) wo das adv. dabei steht u. εἶναι eigentlich die Existenz, das adv. eine Modification derselben ausspricht; οὕτω πη τάδε, γ' ἐστὶ ὡς ἀγορεύεις, so verhält es sich; ἔλασσον εἶναι, im Nachteil stehen. (b) das partic. ὤν entspricht oft dem deutschen als, wenn es eine Apposition anfügt, τοιοῦτος ὤν, als ein solcher, bes. häufig bei Altersbestimmungen. (c) mit Participien bildet es nicht selten Umschreibungen, in denen aber der Begriff des Seins von dem des Verbums aus einander zu halten ist, Ὀρέστης φεύγων ἐστί, ist ein Fliehender, auf der Flucht; αἰδόμενός τις ἔστω, einer, der im Zustande des Scheu Empfindenden verharrt. Anders mit dem Artikel, τίς δ' ἦν ὁ ἔχων, wer war der, der da hatte, der Besitzer; ἔσται ὁ κρίνων, der Richter; αὐτὸς ἦν ὁ μαρτυρῶν, der Zeuge. Ganz verschieden, wo das Particip für sich zu nehmen, wie καὶ ἐνϑάδ' εἰμὶ σὺν πολλῷ φόβῳ διάγων, ich bin hier, u. zwar mit großer Furcht. (3) Dieses sein wird mit dem gen. u. mit vielen Präpositionen zur genauern Bestimmung des Prädicats verbunden. (a) mit dem gen., zunächst die Abkunft od. Abstammung auszudrücken; πατρὸς δ' εἴμ' ἀγαϑοῖο, αἵματός εἰς ἀγαϑοῖο, von gutem Vater, aus gutem Geblüt; οἰκίας μεγάλης καὶ εὐδαίμονος, aus einem großen Hause; ἐνϑυμήϑητε ἃ ἔσται ἐντεῠϑεν, was daraus entstehen wird. Auch = bestehen aus. (b) mit dem gen., zur Bezeichnung einer Pflicht, Eigentümlichkeit u. dgl., es ist die Sache; τό γ' αἴνιγμα οὐχὶ τοὐπιόντος ἦν ἀνδρὸς διειπεῖν, es konnte nicht der erste Beste lösen; τῶν νικώντων τὸ ἄρχειν ἐστίν, das Herrschen kommt den Siegern zu; τὸ ναυτικὸν τέχνης ἐστί, erfordert Kunst; αὐτὸ τὸ σιγᾶν ὁμολογοῠντός ἐστί σου, verrät, daß du es zugibst. Sprichwörtlich οὐ παντὸς ἀνδρὸς εἰς Κόρινϑόν ἐσϑ' ὁ πλοῠς, nicht jeder kann nach Korinth fahren; τὸ ἐπιτιμᾶν παντὸς εἶναι, tadeln könne jeder. (c) mit dem gen., das Eigentum ausdrückend u. die Unterwürfigkeit; ἔλαϑον ὄντες ἀεὶ τῶν ἐπιϑεμένων. eine Beute derer, die sie angriffen: μήτε συγγνώμης μήτ' ἄλλου μηδενός εἰσιν, ἀλλ' ἢ τοῠ πλείονος, sondern nur dem Gewinn ergeben, nehmen weder auf Mitleid noch sonst etwas Rücksicht; ἑαυτοῦ εἶναι, sein eigener Herr sein; εἶ γὰρ τῶν φίλων, gehörst zu den Freunden; Ἀϑηναῖοί εἰσι τῶν ἡγουμένων, gehören zu den Anführern; ἅτε τοῠ Ἀπόλλωνος ὄντες, dem Apollo geweiht; ἔστι τῶν αἰσχρῶν, es gehört zu den schimpflichen Dingen, ist schimpflich. Auch das Alter wird so bezeichnet, εἶναι ἐτῶν τριάκοντα, von dreißig Jahren sein. (d) ἔκ τινος εἶναι, s. ἐκ, bestehen; ἐκ πολλῶν μερῶν ὄν, daraus bestehend; εἴς τινα, sich auf einen beziehen; ἐν τινι, häufige Umschreibung, ἐν ὀργῇ εἶναι = ὀργίζεσϑαι, wie versari; εἰ γὰρ ἐν τούτῳ εἴη, wenn es daran läge. (4) In vielen Vrbdgn liegt in εἶναι mehr als das bloße sein. (a) bedeuten; οἱ δοκοῠντες εἶναί τι, die sich etwas zu sein dünken; τὰ δὶς πέντε δέκα ἐστίν, zweimal fünf macht zehn. Bes. τοῠτ' ἔστιν, das heißt, bedeutet; ὅπερ ἐστί, was soviel bedeutet wie. (b) sich befinden, aufhalten. (c) entstehen, sich ereignen; ἔσται ταῦτα, das soll geschehen. (5) Pleonastisch tritt εἶναι scheinbar hinzu in Vrbdgn, wie τόν ποτέ οἱ Κινύρης δῶκε ξεινήϊον εἶναι, er gab es ihm, daß es ihm ein Gastgeschenk sei, zum Gastgeschenke; bes. bei nennen, μάτρωος δ' ἐκάλεσσέ μιν ἰσώνυμον ἔμμεν, nannte ihn, so daß er denselben Namen hatte; auffallender in absoluten, bes. einschränkenden Zwischensätzen, ἐγὼ δὲ τούτοις ἅπασι κατὰ τοῠτο εἶναι οὐ ξυμφέρομαι, in dieser Beziehung; τὸ κατὰ τοῠτον εἶναι, wenigstens was ihn betrifft; τὸ μὲν τήμερον εἶναι, für heute; ἐάσωμεν τὸ νῠν εἶναι, für jetzt; τὸ ἐπ' ἐμοὶ εἶναι, so viel an mir liegt -
5 εἰμί
εἰμί (A sum), [dialect] Aeol. [full] ἔμμι Sapph.2.15, Theoc.20.32; Cret. [full] ἠμί GDI 4959a; [ per.] 2sg. εἶ, [dialect] Ep. and [dialect] Ion.εἰς Od.17.388
, al., [dialect] Aeol. ἔσσι, [dialect] Ep. and [dialect] Dor.ἐσσί Il.1.176
, Pi.O.6.90, Sophr.134; ; [ per.] 3sg. ἐστί, [dialect] Dor.ἐντί IG12(1).677
([place name] Rhodes), Theoc.1.17, etc.; [ per.] 3 dualἐστόν Th.3.112
; [ per.] 1pl. ἐσμέν, [dialect] Ep. and [dialect] Ion. εἰμέν (also in Pi.P.3.60), , [dialect] Dor.εἰμές Theoc.15.73
, but ; [ per.] 3pl. εἰσί ([etym.] - ίν), [dialect] Ep. and [dialect] Ion. ἔασι ([etym.] - ιν) Il.7.73, Xenoph.8.1, Antim.29, Herod.4.84, [dialect] Dor.ἐντί Pi.N.1.24
, Theoc.11.45, IG9(1).32.22 ([place name] Phocis), etc.: imper. ἴσθι (ἔσθι Hecat.361
J.), [dialect] Ep. and Lyr. also in [voice] Med. formἔσσο Od.3.200
, Sapph.1.28, Maced.Pae.31, late Proseἔσο Plu.2.241d
, M.Ant.3.5, Hld.5.12, Porph.Marc.34; [ per.] 3sg. ἔστω (, and late Inscrr., CIG2664, al.; but in Pl.R. 361c leg. ἴτω), [dialect] Dor. εἴτω, ἤτω, Heraclid. ap. Eust.1411.21, Elean ; [ per.] 3pl. ἔστωσαν, butἔστων Hom.
, Pl.R. 502a, , and early [dialect] Att. Inscrr., IG12.22, etc. ( ἔστωσαν first in ii B. C., ib.22.1328), [dialect] Dor. ἐόντων ib.1126: subj. ὦ, ᾖς, ᾖ, [dialect] Ep.ἔω Od.9.18
; [ per.] 3sg.ἔῃ Il.12.300
,al. (alsoἔῃσι 2.366
, al., ᾖσι ([etym.] ν) 19.202, Hes.Op. 294), also [dialect] Boeot.ἔνθω IG7.3172.165
,μετείω Il.23.47
and perh.εἴῃ 9.245
, etc.; [dialect] Dor. [ per.] 3pl. ([place name] Crete), ([place name] Hierapytna), [dialect] Boeot.ἴωνθι IG7.3171.46
(iii B. C.): opt. εἴην, -ης (εἴησθα Thgn.715
), -η, also ἔοις, ἔοι, Il.9.284, 142, al., cf. Hdt.7.6; [ per.] 3pl.εἴοισαν Ἀρχ. Ἐφ. 1911.133
([place name] Gonni); [ per.] 3 dual , Sph. 243e; [ per.] 1pl. (lyr.), Pl.; [ per.] 2pl.εἶτε Od. 21.195
; [ per.] 3pl.εἶεν Il.2.372
, etc.,εἴησαν Hdt.1.2
, etc.; Elean ἔα, = εἴη, SIG9 (vi B. C.), and σύν-εαν, = συνεῖεν, GDI 1149 (vi B. C.): inf. εἶναι, Arc. (Tegea, iv B. C.); [dialect] Ep. ἔμμεναι (also [dialect] Aeol.ἔμμεν' Sapph.34
), ἔμμεν (also Pi.P.6.42, S.Ant. 623 (lyr.)), ἔμεναι, ἔμεν, also ([place name] Dodona); [dialect] Dor. εἶμεν Foed. ap. Th.5.77,79, IG7.1.7 ([place name] Megara),ἦμεν Test.Epict.5.16
, Tab.Heracl.1.75, Cret. ἦμεν orἤμην Leg.Gort.1.15
, al., GDI4998i 2, al., Megar. ,εἴμειν IG12(1).155.100
([place name] Rhodes), 14.952 ([place name] Agrigentum); εἶν ib. 12(9).211.10 ([place name] Eretria), SIG135.4 ([place name] Olynthus), etc.: part. ὤν, [dialect] Ep. ἐών, ἐοῦσα, ἐόν, Cypr.ἰών Inscr.Cypr.135.23
H.; [dialect] Boeot. fem.ἰῶσα IG 7.3172.116
(Orchom.), [dialect] Aeol. and [dialect] Dor. fem.ἔσσα Sapph.75.4
, IG4.952.2 (Epid.), Theoc.28.16,ἐοῖσα Pi.P.4.265
,ἔασσα Lyr.Alex.Adesp. 9
, Diotog. ap. Stob.4.7.62,εὖσα Erinn.5.5
(also [dialect] Ion., Herod.5.16,εὔντων 2.85
),ἐᾶσα Ti.Locr.96d
, IG5(1).1470.8 ([place name] Messene),ἴαττα Leg.Gort.8.47
; acc. sg.εὖντα Theoc.2.3
; nom. sg. εἴς in Heraclid. ap. Eust.1756.13, pl.ἔντες Tab.Heracl.1.117
; dat. pl. ἔντασσι ib.104; gen. pl.παρ-έντων Alcm. 64
: [tense] impf.ἦν Il.2.77
, etc., [dialect] Ep. ἔον (also [dialect] Aeol., Alc.127, Sapph.Oxy. 1787 Fr.3 ii 21), in [dialect] Att. ἦ (dub. in [dialect] Aeol., Alc. Supp.14.9), Ar.Pl.77, Pl.Phd. 61b, etc., but usu. altered to ἦν in codd. (and ἦν is required by metre in E. Ion 280), [var] contr. from [dialect] Ep. and [dialect] Ion. ἦα (Il.5.808, al., IG12(8).449.2 ([place name] Thasos), whence Hom.and later [dialect] Ion.ἔᾱ Il.4.321
, al.,ἔας Hdt.1.187
,ἔατε Id.4.119
); [dialect] Ep. [ per.] 3sg. ἦεν, always with ν in Hom.; ἔην as [ per.] 1sg., only Il.11.762 (s. v.l., al. ἔον), freq. as [ per.] 3sg. (generally before a consonant, so that ἔεν is possible), sts. also ἤην; [ per.] 2sg. ἦσθα, later ἦς (wh. is v.l. in Pi.I.1.26), sts. in LXX (Jd. 11.35, Ru.3.2,al.), cf. Pl.Ax. 365e, Erinn.4.4, Ev.Matt.25.21, al., , [dialect] Ep. ἔησθα; [ per.] 3sg. ἦν, [dialect] Ep. ἔην, ἤην, ἦεν (v. supr.), [dialect] Dor. and [dialect] Aeol.ἦς Alc.Supp.30.1
, Epich.102, Sophr.59, Theoc.2.90, SIG241.145 (Delph.); [ per.] 3 dualἤστην Il.5.10
, E.Hipp. 387, Ar.Eq. 982, Pl.Euthd. 272a, al.; [dialect] Dor. [ per.] 1pl.ἦμες Plu.Lyc.21
; [ per.] 2pl. , , Ec. 1086; [ per.] 3pl. ἦσαν, [dialect] Ion. and Poet. ἔσαν (in Hes.Th. 321, 825, ἦν is not pl. for ἦσαν, but is rather a peculiarity of syntax, v. infr. v, but is [ per.] 3pl. in Epich.46, al., SIG560.15 (Epidamnus, iii B. C.)); [dialect] Aeol. ; later (iii B. C.), SIG527.46 (Crete, iii B. C.), IGRom.4.1740 ([place name] Cyme), always in LXX as Ba.1.19, cf. Ev.Matt.23.30, Plu.2.174a, etc., and sts. in codd. of earlier writers, Lys.7.34, Trag.Adesp. 124 (cited from E. Hel. 931 by Choerob. and from Id.Tr. 474 by Aps.), X.Cyr.6.1.9, Hyp.Ath.26, [ per.] 2sg.ἦσο Epigr.Gr.379
([place name] Aezani), [ per.] 3sg.ἦστο Supp.Epigr. 1.455.7
([place name] Phrygia), [ per.] 1pl.ἤμεθα PPetr.2p.11
(iii B. C.), LXX Ba.1.19, 1 Ki.25.16, Ep.Eph.2.3; subj. (ii B. C.), ἦται GDI 1696, ἦνται prob. in IG5(1).1390.83 ([place name] Andania); [dialect] Ion. and [dialect] Ep. also ἔσκον, used by A.Pers. 656 (lyr.): [tense] fut. ἔσομαι, ἔσται, [dialect] Ep. and [dialect] Aeol. also ἔσσομαι, ἔσεται, ἔσσεται; [dialect] Aeol. [ per.] 2sg. ἔσσῃ prob. in Alc.67,87; [dialect] Dor. 2 and [ per.] 3sg. ἐσσῇ, ἐσσεῖται, Il.2.393, 13.317, Theoc.10.5, [ per.] 3pl. ἐσσοῦνται Foed. ap. Th.5.77 codd. (butἔσσονται Tab.Heracl.1.113
), inf.ἐσσεῖσθαι Sophr.57
.—All forms of the [tense] pres.ind. are enclitic (exc. [ per.] 2sg. εἶ and [ per.] 3pl. ἔασι); but [ per.] 3sg. is written ἔστι when it begins a sentence or verse, or when it immediately follows οὐκ, καί, εἰ, ὡς, ἀλλά, or τοῦτ', Hdn.Gr.1.553 (also μή acc. to EM301.3); later Gramm. wrote ἔστι as Subst. Verb, Phot., Eust.880.22.A as the Subst. Verb,I of persons, exist,οὐκ ἔσθ' οὗτος ἀνήρ, οὐδ' ἔσσεται Od.16.437
; ἔτ' εἰσί they are still in being, 15.433, cf. S.Ph. 445, etc.;τεθνηῶτος.. μηδ' ἔτ' ἐόντος Od.1.289
; οὐκέτ' ἐστί he is no more, E.Hipp. 1162; οὐδὲ δὴν ἦν he was not long- lived, Il.6.131; ὁ οὐκ ὤν, οἱ οὐκ ὄντες, of those who are no more, Th.2.45,44; οἱ ὄντες the living, Plb.9.29.2; ὁ ὤν the Eternal, LXX Ex.3.14, al., Ph.1.289;θεοὶ αἰὲν ἐόντες Il.1.290
; ἐσσόμενοι posterity, 2.119;κἀγὼ γὰρ ἦ ποτ', ἀλλὰ νῦν οὐκ εἴμ' ἔτι E.Hec. 284
; ὡς ἂν εἶεν ἅνθρωποι might continue in being, Pl.Smp. 190c;ζώντων καὶ ὄντων Ἀθηναίων D.18.72
, cf. Arist.GC 318b25; of things, εἰ ἔστι ἀληθέως [ἡ τράπεζα] Hdt.3.17, etc.; of cities,ὄλωλεν, οὐδ' ἔτ' ἐστὶ Τροία E.Tr. 1292
, cf. Heracl. 491; δοκεῖ μοι Καρχηδόνα μὴ εἶναι censeo Carthaginem esse delendam, Plu.Cat.Ma.27; ἂν ᾖ τὸ στράτευμα be in existence, D.8.17; of money, to be in hand,τῶν ὄντων χρημάτων καὶ τῶν προσιόντων IG12.91.25
; τὰ ὄντα property, Pl.Grg. 511a, Plu.Ant.24, etc.; τὸ ἐσόμενον ἐκ .. future revenue from.., BCH46.420 (Olymos, i B. C.); of place, τὴν οὖσαν ἐκκλησίαν the local church, Act.Ap.13.1; of time, τοῦ ὄντος μηνός in the current month, BGU146.4, etc.; in office,ἱερέων τῶν ὄντων PPar.5.4
(ii B. C.); αἱ οὖσαι [ἐξουσίαι] the powers that be, Ep. Rom.13.1.II of the real world, be, opp. become,γίγνεται πάντα ἃ δή φαμεν εἶναι Pl.Tht. 152d
, etc.; τὸ ὄν Being, Parm.8.35, Protag.2, Pl.Ti. 27d, etc.; opp. τὸ μὴ ὄν, Gorg.Fr.3 D., etc.;οὐδὲν γίνεται ἐκ τοῦ μὴ ὄντος Epicur.Ep. 1p.5U.
;ἐξ οὐκ ὄντων ἐποίησεν αὐτὰ ὁ θεός LXX 2 Ma.7.28
; τὰ ὄντα the world of things, Heraclit.7, Emp.129.5, etc.; ὄνindecl., τῶν ὂν εἰδῶν species of Being, Plot.6.2.10.2 of circumstances, events, etc., to happen,τά τ' ἐόντα, τά τ' ἐσσόμενα, πρό τ' ἐόντα Il.1.70
;ἡ ἐσβολὴ ἔμελλεν ἔσεσθαι Th.2.13
, etc.; τῆς προδοσίας οὔσης since treachery was there, Id.4.103; ἕως ἂν ὁ πόλεμος ᾖ so long as it last, Id.1.58;αἱ σπονδαὶ ἐνιαυτὸν ἔσονται Id.4.118
; τί ἐστιν; what is it? what's the matter? Ar.Th. 193; τί οὖν ἦν τοῦτο; how came it to pass? Pl.Phd. 58a: repeated with a relat. to avoid a positive assertion, ἔστι δ' ὅπῃ νῦν ἔ. things are as they are, i.e. are ill, A.Ag.67.III be the fact or the case, διπλασίαν ἂν τὴν δύναμιν εἰκάζεσθαι ἤ ἐστιν twice as large as it really is, Th.1.10; αὐτὸ ὅ ἐστι καλόν beauty in its essence, Pl.Smp. 211c, cf. Phd. 74b; freq. in part., τὸν ἐόντα λόγον λέγειν or φαίνειν the true story, Hdt.1.95, 116; τῷ ἐόντι χρήσασθαι tell the truth, ib. 30;τὰ ὄντα ἀπαγγέλλειν Th.7.8
; σκῆψιν οὐκ οὖσαν, λόγον οὐκ ὄντα, S.El. 584, Ar.Ra. 1052; τῷ ὄντι in reality, in fact, Pl.Prt. 328d, etc.; to apply a quotation to a case in point, τῷ ὄντι κλαυσίγελως real 'smiles through tears' (with allusion to Il.6.484), X.HG7.2.9, cf. Pl. La. 196d; κατὰ τὸ ἐόν according to the fact, rightly, Hdt.1.97; πᾶν τὸ ἐόν the whole truth, Id.9.11;τοῦ ἐόντος ἀποτεύξεται Hp.VM 2
.IV folld. by the relat., οὐκ ἔστιν ὅς or ὅστις no one,οὐκ ἔσθ' ὃς.. ἀπαλάλκοι Il.22.348
;οὐκ ἔ. οὐδεὶς ὅς E.El. 903
; οὐκ ἔ. ὅτῳ, = οὐδενί, A.Pr. 293 (anap.), cf. 989: freq. in pl., εἰσὶν οἵ, = Lat. sunt qui, used exactly like ἔνιοι, Th.6.88, 7.44, Pl.Men. 77d, Grg. 503a, etc. ( εἰσί τινες οἵ .. Th.3.24); ἐστὶν ἃ χωρία, πολίσματα, Id.1.12,65;ἐστὶν ἃ εἰπεῖν Id.2.67
;ἦσαν οἵ X.An.5.2.14
; the sg. Verb is used even with masc. and fem. pl., ἐστὶν οἵ, αἵ, Hp.Fract.1, VC4, X.Cyr.2.3.16; more freq. in oblique cases,ποταμῶν ἐστὶ ὧν Hdt.7.187
;ἐστὶν ἀφ' ὧν Th.8.65
; ἐστὶ παρ' οἷς, ἐστὶν ἐν οἷς, Id.1.23, 5.25: in questions ὅστις is used, ἔστιν ἥντινα δόξαν.. ἀπεκρίνατο; Pl.Men. 85b: with relat. Particles, ἐστὶν ἔνθα, = Lat. est ubi, X.Cyr.7.4.15, etc.; ἐ. ὅπῃ, ἔσθ' ὅπου, somehow, somewhere, Pl.Prt. 331d, A.Eu. 517, S.OT 448, etc.; in questions expecting a neg. answer, ἐ. ὁπόθεν, ὅπως; Pl.Phlb. 35a, R. 493e, etc.;οὐ γάρ ἐσθ' ὅπως Pi.Fr.61
, cf. Hdt.7.102, A.Ag. 620; οὐκ ἔ. ὅπως οὐ in any case, necessarily, Ar. Pax 188;οὐκ ἔ. ὡς Pl. Men. 76e
, etc.; ἐ. ὅτε, ἔσθ' ὅτε, sometimes, Pi.Fr.180.2, S.Aj.56, Th. 7.21, etc.V ἦν is sts. used with pl. masc. and fem., usu. at the beginning of a sentence, there was,τῆς δ' ἦν τρεῖς κεφαλαί Hes.Th. 321
; (but inἦν δ' ἐρῳδιοί τε πολλοί Epich.46
, cf. 59, al., it may be taken as [dialect] Dor. [ per.] 3pl.); (lyr.); ἦν ἄρα κἀκεῖνοι ταλακάρδιοι Epigr. ap. Aeschin.3.184; less freq.ἔστι, ἔστι δὲ μεταξὺ.. ἑπτὰ στάδιοι Hdt.1.26
, cf. 7.34;ἔστι.. ἄρχοντές τε καὶ δῆμος Pl.R. 463a
; before dual Nouns, Ar.V.58, Pl.Grg. 500d.VI ἔστι impers., c. inf., it is possible,ἔστι γὰρ ἀμφοτέροισιν ὀνείδεα μυθήσασθαι Il.20.246
;ἔστι μὲν εὕδειν, ἔστι δὲ τερπομένοισιν ἀκούειν Od. 15.392
; εἴ τί πού ἐστι (sc. πιθέσθαι) 4.193;τοιάδε.. ἐστὶν ἀκοῦσαι A. Pr. 1055
(anap.);ἔστι τεκμήρια ὁρᾶν X.An.3.2.13
, cf. Ar.Ra. 1163, Aeschin.3.105, D.18.272, Arist.Ath.53.6, etc.; so in imper., opt., and subj.,ἔστω ἀποφέρεσθαι τῷ βουλομένῳ IG12.10.7
;μυρία ἂν εἴη λέγειν Pl.Plt. 271e
;ὅπως ἂν ᾖ δρᾶν IG2.1054.91
: more freq. in neg. clauses, Il.6.267, etc.; folld. by ὥστε c. inf., S.Ph. 656: c. acc. et inf.,ἁδόντα δ' εἴη με τοῖς ἀγαθοῖς ὁμιλεῖν Pi.P.2.96
;ἔστιν ἐκπεσεῖν ἀρχῆς Δία A.Pr. 757
: sts. not impers. in this sense,θάλασσα δ' οὐκέτ' ἦν ἰδεῖν Id.Pers. 419
.b ἔστω in argument, let it be granted,ἔστω τοῦτο ἀληθὲς εἶναι D.H.Comp.25
;ἔστω σοι τοῦθ' οὕτως Plu.2.987b
; Chr.74.24.B most freq., to be, the Copula connecting the predicate with the Subject, both being in the same case: hence, signify, import,τὸ γὰρ εἴρειν λέγειν ἐστίν Pl.Cra. 398d
; esp. in the phrase τοῦτ' ἔστι, hoc est;Σκαιόλαν, ὅπερ ἐστὶ Λαϊόν Plu.Publ.17
: with numerals, τὰ δὶς πέντε δέκα ἐστίν twice five are ten, X.Mem.4.4.7; εἶναί τις or τι, to be somebody, something, be of some consequence, v. τις; οὐδὲν εἶναι Pl.R. 562d, etc.2 periphr. with the Participle to represent the finite Verb: with [tense] pf. part. once in Hom., τετληότες εἰμέν, for τετλήκαμεν, Il.5.873; so in Trag. and [dialect] Att., ἦν τεθνηκώς, for ἐτεθνήκει, A. Ag. 869; ἔσται δεδορκώς ib. 1179;εἰμὶ γεγώς S.Aj. 1299
;πεφυκός ἐστι Ar.Av. 1473
;δεδρακότες εἰσίν Th.3.68
;κατακεκονότες ἔσεσθε X.An.7.6.36
: with [tense] aor. part., once in Hom.,βλήμενος ἦν Il.4.211
; so προδείσας εἰμί, οὐ σιωπήσας ἔσει; S.OT90, 1146, cf. A.Supp. 460: with [tense] pres. part.,ἦν προκείμενον Id.Pers. 371
;φεύγων Ὀρέστης ἐστίν Id.Ch. 136
;εἴην οὐκ ἂν εὖ φρονῶν S.Aj. 1330
; τί δ' ἐστί.. φέρον; Id.OT 991, cf. 274, 708;λέγων ἐστίν τις E.Hec. 1179
;ἦν τίς σ' ὑβρίζων Id.HF 313
;πόρρω ἤδη εἶ πορευόμενος Pl.Ly. 204b
;βαδίζων εἰμί Ar.Ra. 36
; freq. in Hdt.,ἦσαν ἱέντες 1.57
, al.; evenεἰσὶ διάφοροι ἐόντες 3.49
(s.v.l.):— if the Art. is joined with the Part., the noun is made emphatic, Κᾶρές εἰσι οἱ καταδέξαντες the persons who showed her were Carians, Id.1.171;αὐτὸς ἦν ὁ μαρτυρῶν A.Eu. 798
;δόλος ἦν ὁ φράσας S.El. 197
(anap.).C εἶναι is freq. modified in sense by the addition of Advbs., or the cases of Nouns without or with Preps.:I εἶναι with Advbs., where the Adv. often merely represents a Noun and stands as the predicate,ἅλις δέ οἱ ἦσαν ἄρουραι Il.14.122
, etc.; ἀκέων, ἀκήν εἶναι, to be silent, 4.22, Od.2.82;σῖγα πᾶς ἔστω λεώς E.Hec. 532
;διαγνῶναι χαλεπῶς ἦν ἄνδρα ἕκαστον Il.7.424
; ἀσφαλέως ἡ κομιδὴ ἔσται will go on safely, Hdt.4.134; ἐγγύς, πόρρω εἶναι, Th.6.88, Pl.Prt. 356e: freq. impers. with words implying good or ill fortune, Κουρήτεσσι κακῶς ἦν it fared ill with them, Il.9.551;εὖ γὰρ ἔσται E.Med.89
, cf. Ar.Pl. 1188, etc.;ἡδέως ἂν αὐτοῖς εἴη D.59.30
.II c. gen., to express descent or extraction,πατρὸς δ' εἴμ' ἀγαθοῖο Il.21.109
;αἵματός εἰς ἀγαθοῖο Od. 4.611
, cf. Hdt.3.71, Th.2.71, etc.;πόλεως μεγίστης εἶ X.An.7.3.19
.b to express the material of which a thing is made, ἡ κρηπίς ἐστι λίθων μεγάλων consists of.., Hdt.1.93; τῆς πόλιος ἐούσης δύο φαρσέων ib. 186; τοιούτων ἔργων ἐστὶ ἡ τυραννίς is made up of.., Id.5.92.ή, etc.c to express the class to which a person or thing belongs, εἶ γὰρ τῶν φίλων you are one of them, Ar.Pl. 345;ἐτύγχανε βουλῆς ὤν Th.3.70
; ;Κριτίας τῶν τριάκοντα ὤν X.Mem.1.2.31
; ἔστι τῶν αἰσχρῶν it is in the class of disgraceful things, i. e. it is disgraceful, D.2.2.d to express that a thing belongs to another,Τροίαν Ἀχαιῶν οὖσαν A.Ag. 269
;τὸ πεδίον ἦν μέν κοτε Χορασμίων Hdt.3.117
, etc.: hence, to be of the party of,ἦσαν.. τινὲς μὲν φιλίππου, τινὲς δὲ τοῦ βελτίστου D.9.56
, cf. 37.53; to be de pendent upon, S.Ant. 737, etc.; to be at the mercy of,ἔστι τοῦ λέγοντος, ἢν φόβους λέγῃ Id.OT 917
.e to express one's duty, business, custom, nature, and the like , οὔτοι γυναικός ἐστι 'tis not a woman's part, A.Ag. 940;τὸ ἐπιτιμᾶν παντὸς εἶναι D.1.16
; τὸ δὲ ναυτικὸν τέχνης ἐστίν is matter of art, requires art, Th.1.142, cf.83.f in LXX, to be occupied about,ἦσαν τοῦ θύειν 2 Ch.30.17
; ἔσεσθαι, c. gen., to be about to,ἐσόμεθα τοῦ σῶσαί σε 2 Ki.10.11
.2 with two dats., σφίσι τε καὶ Ἀθηναίοισι εἶναι οὐδὲν πρῆγμα that they and the Athenians have nothing to do one with another, Hdt.5.84;μηδὲν εἶναι σοὶ καὶ φιλίππῳ πρᾶγμα D.18.283
; more shortly, σοί τε καὶ τούτοισι πρήγμασι τί ἐστι; Hdt.5.33; τί τῷ νόμῳ καὶ τῇ βασάνῳ; D.29.36; τί ἐμοὶ καὶ σοί; Lat. quid tecum est mihi? Ev.Marc.5.7, etc.; also ἐμοὶ οὐδὲν πρὸς τοὺς τοιούτους (sc. ἐστίν) Isoc.4.12; ; ἔσται αὐτῳ πρὸς τὸν θεόν, in tomb inscriptions, JHS18.113, etc.3 with ἄσμενος, βουλόμενος, etc., added, ἐμοὶ δέ κεν ἀσμένῳ εἴη 'twould be to my delight, Il.14.108;οὐκ ἂν σφίσι βουλομένοις εἶναι Th.7.35
;προσδεχομένῳ Id.6.46
; (lyr.); .IV with Preps., εἶναι ἀπό τινος, = εἶναί τινος (supr. 11.a), X.Mem.1.6.9;εἰσὶν ἀπ' ἐναντίων αὗται πραγμάτων Pl.Phlb. 12d
; but εἶναι ἀπ' οἴκου to be away from.., Th.1.99.2 εἶναι ἔκ τινος to be sprung from, εἴμ' ἐκ Παιονίης, Μυρμιδόνων ἔξ εἰμι, Il.21.154, 24.397, etc.; ἔστιν ἐξ ἀνάγκης it is of necessity, i. e. necessary, Pl.Sph. 256d.3 εἶναι ἐν .. to be in a certain state,ἐν εὐπαθείῃσι Hdt.1.22
; ἐν ἀθυμία, etc., Th.6.46, etc.;ἐν ταραχαῖς D.18.218
; εἶναι ἐν ἀξιώματι to be in esteem, Th.1.130; οἱ ἐν τέλεϊ ἐόντες those in office, Hdt.3.18, etc.; but εἶναι ἐν τέχνῃ, ἐν φιλοσοφία to be engaged in.., S.OT 562, Pl.Phd. 59a.b ἐν σοί ἐστι it depends on thee, Hdt.6.109, S.Ph. 963;ἐν σοὶ γάρ ἐσμεν Id.OT 314
; so also , X.Cyr.1.6.2, etc.4 εἶναι διά .., much like εἶναι ἐν .., εἶναι διὰ φόβου, = φοβεῖσθαι, Th.6.34; εἶναι δι' ὄχλου, = ὀχληρὸν εἶναι, Id.1.73;εἶναι διὰ μόχθων X.Cyr.1.6.25
; εἶναι δι' αἰτίας, = αἰτιᾶσθαι, D.H.1.70; Geom., pass through,διὰ τᾶς ἑτέρας διαμέτρου ἐόντος τοῦ ἐπιπέδου Archim.Con.Sph.20
.5 εἶναι ἐφ' ἑαυτῆς to be by oneself, D.25.23; εἶναι ἐπὶ ὀνόματος to bear a name, Id.39.21; εἶναι ἐπὶ τοῖς πράγμασιν to be engaged in.., Id.2.12; εἶναι ἐπί τινα to be against him, Id.6.33; εἶναι ἐφ' ἑξήκοντα στάδια to reach sixty stadia, X.An.4.6.11; εἶναι ἐπὶ τὰς ἁφάς pass through the points of contact, Apollon. Perg.Con.4.1; εἶναι ἐπί τινι, v. supr. 3 b.6 εἶναι πρός τινος to be in one's favour, Th.4.10,29, etc.; to suit, X.An. 1.2.11, etc.; εἶναι πρός τινι engaged in, Pl.Phd. 84c, Philostr.VA5.31; πρὸς τοῖς ἰδίοις mind one's own affairs, Arist.Pol. 1309a6, Ath.16.3;εἶναι πρὸς τὸ κωλύειν Plb.1.26.3
; πρὸς τὸ πονεῖν Telesp.46 H.;εἶναι περί τι X.An.3.5.7
, etc.7 εἶναι παρά τινι or τινα, = παρειναι, Id.Cyr.6.2.15, Hdt.8.140.ά (s.v.l.).8 εἶναι ὑπό τινα or τινι to be subject to.., X.HG5.2.17 (s.v.l.), 6.2.4.9 περὶ τούτων ἐστίν that is the question, Men.Epit.30.10 εἶναι ἀπό .., in Geom., to be constructed upon, Archim.Sph.Cyl.2.9, Con.Sph.7.D ἐστί is very freq. omitted, mostly in the [tense] pres. ind. before certain predicates, as ἀνάγκη, ἄξιον, δυνατόν, εἰκός, ἕτοιμον, οἷόν τε, ῥᾴδιον, χρεών, etc., and after the neut. of Verbals in - τέος, and such forms as θαυμαστὸν ὅσον: less freq. with other persons and moods, εἰμί omitted, S.OT92, Aj. 813; εἶ, Od.4.206; ἐσμέν, S.Ant. 634; ἐστέ, Od.10.463; εἰσί, S.OT 499 (lyr.), IG2.778 B; subj. ᾖ, Il.14.376, E.Hipp. 659, Antipho 5.32; opt. εἴη, IG22.1183.12; [tense] impf. ἦν, ib.2.778 B; [tense] fut. ἔσονται, Od.14.394.E the Inf. freq. seems redundant,1 in phrases implying power or will to do a thing, ἑκὼν εἶναι (v. ἑκών)κατὰ δύναμιν εἶναι Is.2.32
;εἰς δύναμιν εἶναι Pl.Plt. 300c
; τὸ ἐπ' ἐκείνοις εἶναι, quantum in illis esset, Th.8.48, X.HG3.5.9, cf. Lys.13.58;τὸ ἐπὶ σφᾶς εἶναι Th.4.28
;τὸ κατὰ τοῦτον εἶναι X.An.1.6.9
;κατὰ τοῦτο εἶναι Pl.Prt. 317a
; τὸ τήμερον, τὸ νῦν εἶναι, Id.Cra. 396e, La. 201c, Theopomp. Com.98, Decr. ap. Arist.Ath.31.2, etc.2 after Verbs of naming or choosing, ;σύμμαχόν μιν εἵλοντο εἶναι Hdt.8.134
; of giving,δῶκε ξεινήϊον εἶναι Il. 11.20
.F [tense] impf. ἦνissts. used where other languages take the [tense] pres.,1 after ἄρα, to express a fact which is and has always been the same, δέρμα δὲ ἀνθρώπου.. ἦν ἄρα σχεδὸν δερμάτων πάντων λαμπρότατον human skin then it appears is.., Hdt.4.64;Κύπρις οὐκ ἄρ' ἦν θεός E. Hipp. 359
; ὡς ἄρ' ἦσθ' ἐμὸς πατὴρ ὀρθῶς ib. 1169;ἦ πολύμοχθον ἄρ' ἦν γένος.. ἁμερίων Id.IA 1330
;ἦ στωμύλος ἦσθα Theoc.5.79
; so also when there is reference to a past thought, τουτὶ τί ἦν; what is this? Ar.Ach. 157, cf. Pl.Cra. 387c: so in the Aristotelian formula τὸ τί ἦν εἶναι (APo.82b38, al.), used to express the essential nature of a thing, where τί ἦν (for ἐστί) takes the place of the dat. in such phrases as τὸ ἀγαθῷ εἶναι, τὸ μεγέθει εἶναι, APr.67b12, de An.429b10.G ἐγώ εἰμι, in LXX, pleonastic forἐγώ, ἐγώ εἰμι οὐχ ἥμαρτον Jd. 11.27
, cf. 6.18; alsoἔσται πᾶς ἀποκτενεῖ με Ge.4.14
. -
6 σήμερον
σήμερον, Adv.A to-day, Il.7.30, Od.17.186, E.Rh. 683, PHib.1.65.13 (iii B.C.), SIG1181.11 (Rhenea, ii B.C.), Ev.Matt.27.19, etc.; [dialect] Dor. [full] σάμερον [pron. full] [ᾱ] Pi.O.6.28, P.4.1; [dialect] Att. [full] τήμερον Cratin.123, Ar.Eq.68, etc., cf. Moer.p.364 P. (though σήμερον is sts. found in Com., Hermipp.80, Philem.121); εἰς τ. Pl.Smp. 174a; τὸ τ. ib. 176e; τὸ τ. εἶναι to-day, Id.Cra. 396e;ἡ τ. ἡμέρα D.4.40
; also in the form [full] τήμερα Ar.Fr. 401 (s.v.l.), cf. 296. (Prob. fr. κy ᾱμερον, containing stem [kcirc ]yo- 'this', cf. Lith. šis 'this', Lat. ci-tra: σήμερον ([etym.] τήμερον ) is to ἡμέρα as σῆτες ([etym.] τῆτες ) to ἔτος.)Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > σήμερον
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7 ἄν
ἄν (A), [pron. full] [ᾰ], [dialect] Ep., Lyr., [dialect] Ion., Arc., [dialect] Att.; also κεν) [dialect] Ep., [dialect] Aeol., Thess., κᾱ [dialect] Dor., [dialect] Boeot., El.; the two combined in [dialect] Ep. (infr. D. 11.2) and Arc.,Aεἰκ ἄν IG5(2).6.2
, 15 (iv B. C.):—modal Particle used with Verbs to indicate that the action is limited by circumstances or defined by conditions. In Hom. κε is four times as common as ἄν, in Lyr. about equally common. No clear distinction can be traced, but κε as an enclitic is somewhat less emphatic; ἄν is preferred by Hom. in negative clauses, κε ([etym.] ν) with the relative.A In Simple Sentences, and in the Apodosis of Compound Sentences; here ἄν belongs to the Verb, and denotes that the assertion made by the Verb is dependent on a condition, expressed or implied: thus ἦλθεν he came, ἦλθεν ἄν he would have come (under conditions, which may or may not be defined), and so he might have come; ἔλθοι may he come, ἔλθοι ἄν he would come (under certain conditions), and so he might come.I WITH INDICATIVE:1 with historical tenses, generally [tense] impf. and [tense] aor., less freq. [tense] plpf., never [tense] pf., v. infr.,a most freq. in apodosis of conditional sentences, with protasis implying nonfulfilment of a past or present condition, and apod. expressing what would be or would have been the case if the condition were or had been fulfilled. The [tense] impf. with ἄν refers to continued action, in Hom. always in past time, exc. perh. . 178; later also in [tense] pres. time, first in Thgn.905; πολὺ ἂν θαυμαστότερον ἦν, εἰ ἐτιμῶντο it would be far more strange if they were honoured, Pl.R. 489a; οὐκ ἂν νήσων ἐκράτει, εἰ μή τι καὶ ναυτικὸν εἶχεν he would not have been master of islands if he had not had also some naval power, Th.1.9. The [tense] aor. strictly refers only to past time, Pi.N.11.24, etc.; εἰ τότε ταύτην ἔσχε τὴν γνώμην, οὐδὲν ἂν ὧν νυνὶ πεποίηκεν ἔπραξεν if he had then come to this opinion, he would have accomplished nothing of what he has now done, D.4.5, al., but is used idiomatically with Verbs of saying, answering, etc., as we say I should have said,εἰ μὴ πατὴρ ἦσθ', εἶπον ἄν σ' οὐκ εὖ φρονεῖν S.Ant. 755
, cf. Pl.Smp. 199d, Euthphr. 12d, etc.: the [tense] plpf. refers to completed actions, as ὃ εἰ ἀπεκρίνω, ἱκανῶς ἂν ἤδη παρὰ σοῦ τὴν ὁσιότητα ἐμεμαθήκη I should have already learnt.., ib. 14c;εἰ ὁ ἀνὴρ ἀπέθανεν, δικαίως ἂν ἐτεθνήκει Antipho 4.2.3
.b the protasis is freq. understood: ὑπό κεν ταλασίφρονά περ δέος εἷλεν fear would have seized even the stout-hearted (had he heard the sound), Il.4.421; τὸ γὰρ ἔρυμα τῷ στρατοπέδῳ οὐκ ἂν ἐτειχίσαντο they would not have built the wall (if they had not won a battle), Th.1.11; πολλοῦ γὰρ ἂν ἦν ἄξια for (if that were so) they would be worth much, Pl.R. 374d; οὐ γὰρ ἦν ὅ τι ἂν ἐποιεῖτε for there was nothing which you could have done, i. e. would have done (if you had tried), D.18.43.c with no definite protasis understood, to express what would have been likely to happen, or might have happened in past time: ἢ γάρ μιν ζωόν γε κιχήσεαι, ἤ κεν Ὀρέστης κτεῖνεν ὑποφθάμενος for either you will find him alive, or else Orestes may already have killed him before you, Od.4.546; ὃ θεασάμενος πᾶς ἄν τις ἀνὴρ ἠράσθη δάϊος εἶναι every man who saw this (the 'Seven against Thebes') would have longed to be a warrior, Ar. Ra. 1022; esp. with τάχα, q. v., ἀλλ' ἦλθε μὲν δὴ τοῦτο τοὔνειδος τάχ' ἂν ὀργῇ βιασθὲν μᾶλλον ἢ γνώμῃ φρενῶν, i. e. it might perhaps have come, S.OT 523; τάχα ἂν δὲ καὶ ἄλλως πως ἐσπλεύσαντες (sc. διέβησαν ) and they might also perhaps have crossed by sea (to Sicily) in some other way, Th.6.2, cf. Pl.Phdr. 265b.d ἄν is freq. omitted in apodosi with Verbs expressing obligation, propriety, or possibility, as ἔδει, ἐχρῆν, εἰκὸς ἦν, etc., and sts. for rhetorical effect, εἰ μὴ.. ᾖσμεν, φόβον παρέσχεν it had caused (for it would have caused) fear, E.Hec. 1113. This use becomes more common in later Gk.2 with [tense] fut. ind.:a frequently in [dialect] Ep., usu. with κεν, rarely ἄν, Il.9.167, 22.66, indicating a limitation or condition, ὁ δέ κεν κεχολώσεται ὅν κεν ἵκωμαι and he will likely be angry to whom- soever I shall come, ib.1.139; καί κέ τις ὧδ' ἐρέει and in that case men will say, 4.176;ἐγὼ δέ κέ τοι καταλέξω Od.3.80
; so in Lyr.,μαθὼν δέ τις ἂν ἐρεῖ Pi.N.7.68
, cf. I.6(5).59.b rarely in codd. of [dialect] Att. Prose writers,σαφὲς ἂν καταστήσετε Th.1.140
;οὐχ ἥκει, οὐδ' ἂν ἥξει δεῦρο Pl.R. 615d
, cf. Ap. 29c, X.An.2.5.13; dub. in Hp.Mul.2.174: in later Prose, Philostr. V A2.21, S E.M.9.225: also in Poetry, E.El. 484, Ar.Av. 1313;οὐκ ἂν προδώσω Herod.6.36
(corr. - δοίην):— for ἄν with [tense] fut. inf. and part. v. infr.II WITH SUBJUNCTIVE, only in [dialect] Ep., the meaning being the same as with the [tense] fut. ind. (1.2a), freq. with [ per.] 1st pers., as εἰ δέ κε μὴ δώῃσιν, ἐγὼ δέ κεν αὐτὸς ἕλωμαι in that case I will take her myself, Il.1.324; πείθευ, ἐγὼ δέ κέ τοι εἰδέω χάριν obey and if so I will be grateful, 14.235 (the subj. is always introduced by δέ in this usage); also with other persons, giving emphasis to the future, , al.III WITH OPTATIVE (never [tense] fut., rarely [tense] pf. πῶς ἂν λελήθοι [με]; X.Smp.3.6):a in apodosis of conditional sentences, after protasis in opt. with εἰ or some other conditional or relative word, expressing a [tense] fut. condition:ἀλλ' εἴ μοί τι πίθοιο, τό κεν πολὺ κέρδιον εἴη Il.7.28
;οὐ πολλὴ ἂν ἀλογία εἴη, εἰ φοβοῖτο τὸν θάνατον; Pl.Phd. 68b
:—in Hom. [tense] pres. and [tense] aor. opt. with κε or ἄν are sts. used like [tense] impf. and [tense] aor. ind. with ἄν in Attic, with either regular ind. or another opt. in the protasis: καί νύ κεν ἔνθ' ἀπόλοιτο.. εἰ μὴ.. νόησε κτλ., i. e. he would have perished, had she not perceived, etc., Il.5.311, cf. 5.388, 17.70; εἰ νῦν ἐπὶ ἄλλῳ ἀεθλεύοιμεν, ἦ τ' ἂν ἐγὼ.. κλισίηνδε φεροίμην if we were now contending in another's honour, I should now carry.., ib.23.274: so rarely in Trag., οὐδ' ἂν σὺ φαίης, εἴ σε μὴ κνίζοι λέχος (for εἰ μὴ ἔκνιζε) E.Med. 568.b with protasis in [tense] pres. or [tense] fut., the opt. with ἄν in apodosi takes a simply future sense: φρούριον δ' εἰ ποιήσονται, τῆς μὲν γῆς βλάπτοιεν ἄν τι μέρος they might perhaps damage, Th.1.142, cf. 2.60, Pl.Ap. 25b, R. 333e;ἢν οὖν μάθῃς.. οὐκ ἂν ἀποδοίην Ar.Nu. 116
, cf. D.1.26, al.c with protasis understood:φεύγωμεν· ἔτι γάρ κεν ἀλύξαιμεν κακὸν ἦμαρ Od.10.269
; οὔτε ἐσθίουσι πλείω ἢ δύνανται φέρειν· διαρραγεῖεν γὰρ ἄν for (if they should do so) they would burst, X. Cyr.8.2.21; τὸν δ' οὔ κε δύ' ἀνέρε.. ἀπ' οὔδεος ὀχλίσσειαν two men could not heave the stone from the ground, i. e. would not, if they should try, Il.12.447; , cf. D.2.8: in Hom. sts. with ref. to past time, .d with no definite protasis implied, in potential sense: ἡδέως δ' ἂν ἐροίμην Λεπτίνην but I would gladly ask Leptines, D.20.129; βουλοίμην ἄν I should like , Lat. velim (but ἐβουλόμην ἄν I should wish, if it were of any avail, vellem); ποῖ οὖν τραποίμεθ' ἄν; which way then can we turn? Pl.Euthd. 290a; οὐκ ἂν μεθείμην τοῦ θρόνου I will not give up the throne, Ar.Ra. 830; idiomatically, referring to the past, αὗται δὲ οὐκ ἂν πολλαὶ εἶεν but these would not (on investigation) prove to be many, Th.1.9; εἴησαν δ' ἂν οὗτοι Κρῆτες these would be (i. e. would have been) Cretans, Hdt.1.2: used in order to soften assertions by giving them a less positive form, as οὐκ ἂν οὖν πάνυ γέ τι σπουδαῖον εἴη ἡ δικαιοσύνη, i.e. it would not prove to be, etc. (for, it is not, etc.), Pl.R. 333e.e in questions, expressing a wish:τίς ἂν θεῶν.. δοίη; S.OC 1100
, cf.A.Ag. 1448;πῶς ἂν θάνοιμι; S.Aj. 389
: hence (with no question) as a mild command, exhortation, or entreaty, ; σὺ μὲν κομίζοις ἂν σεαυτὸν ᾗ θέλεις you may take yourself off (milder than κόμιζε σεαυτόν), S.Ant. 444; χωροῖς ἂν εἴσω you may go in, El. 1491; κλύοις ἂν ἤδη, Φοῖβε hear me now, Phoebus, ib. 637; φράζοις ἄν, λέγοις ἄν, Pl.Phlb. 23c, 48b.f in a protasis which is also an apodosis: εἴπερ ἄλλῳ τῳ ἀνθρώπων πειθοίμην ἄν, καὶ σοὶ πείθομαι if I would trust any (other) man (if he gave me his word), I trust you, Id.Prt. 329b; εἰ μὴ ποιήσαιτ' ἂν τοῦτο if you would not do this (if you could), D.4.18, cf. X.Mem.1.5.3, Plot.6.4.16.g rarely omitted with opt. in apodosis: , cf. 14.123, Il.5.303; also in Trag.,θᾶσσον ἢ λέγοι τις E.Hipp. 1186
;τεὰν δύνασιν τίς.. κατάσχοι; S.Ant. 605
.h ἄν c. [tense] fut. opt. is prob. always corrupt (cf. 1.2b), as τὸν αὐτὸν ἂν ἐπαινέσοι ( ἐπαινέσαι Bekk.) Pl.Lg. 719e; εἰδὼς ὅτι οὐδέν' ἂν καταλήψοιτο ( οὐδένα Bekk.) Lys.1.22.IV WITH INF. and PART. (sts. ADJ. equivalent to part.,τῶν δυνατῶν ἂν κρῖναι Pl.R. 577b
) representing ind. or opt.:1 [tense] pres. inf. or part.:a representing [tense] impf. ind., οἴεσθε τὸν πατέρα.. οὐκ ἂν φυλάττειν; do you think he would not have kept them safe? ([etym.] οὐκ ἂν ἐφύλαττεν), D.49.35; ἀδυνάτων ἂν ὄντων [ὑμῶν] ἐπιβοηθεῖν when you would have been unable, Th.1.73, cf. 4.40.b representing [tense] pres. opt., πόλλ' ἂν ἔχων (representing ἔχοιμ' ἄν)ἕτερ' εἰπεῖν παραλείπω D. 18.258
, cf. X.An.2.3.18: with Art., .2 [tense] aor. inf. or part.:a representing [tense] aor. ind., οὐκ ἂν ἡγεῖσθ' αὐτὸν κἂν ἐπιδραμεῖν; do you not think he would even have run thither? ([etym.] καὶ ἐπέδραμεν ἄν), D.27.56; ἴσμεν ὑμᾶς ἀναγκασθέντας ἄν we know you would have been compelled, Th.1.76, cf. 3.89; ῥᾳδίως ἂν ἀφεθείς when he might easily have been acquitted, X.Mem.4.4.4.b representing [tense] aor. opt., οὐδ' ἂν κρατῆσαι αὐτοὺς τῆς γῆς ἡγοῦμαι I think they would not even be masters of the land ([etym.] οὐδ' ἂν κρατήσειαν), Th.6.37, cf. 2.20; ὁρῶν ῥᾳδίως ἂν αὐτὸ ληφθέν ([etym.] ληφθείη ἄν) Id.7.42; οὔτε ὄντα οὔτε ἂν γενόμενα, i.e. things which are not and never could happen ([etym.] ἃ οὔτε ἂν γένοιτο), Id.6.38.3 [tense] pf. inf. or part. representing:a [tense] plpf. ind., πάντα ταῦθ' ὑπὸ τῶν βαρβάρων ἂν ἑαλωκέναι ([etym.] φήσειεν ἄν ) he would say that all these would have been destroyed by the barbarians ([etym.] ἑαλώκη ἄν), D.19.312.b [tense] pf. opt., οὐκ ἂν ἡγοῦμαι αὐτοὺς δίκην ἀξίαν δεδωκέναι, εἰ.. καταψηφίσαισθε I do not believe they would (then) have suffered ([etym.] δεδωκότες ἂν εἶεν) punishment enough, etc., Lys.27.9.4 [tense] fut. inf.or part., never in [dialect] Ep., and prob. always corrupt in [dialect] Att., νομίζων μέγιστον ἂν σφᾶς ὠφελήσειν (leg. - ῆσαι) Th.5.82, cf. 6.66, 8.25,71; part. is still more exceptional, (codd.), cf. D.19.342 (v. l.); both are found in later Gk.,νομίσαντες ἂν οἰκήσειν οὕτως ἄριστα Plb.8.30.8
, cf. Plu.Marc.15, Arr.An.2.2.3; with part., Epicur. Nat.14.1, Luc.Asin.26, Lib.Or.62.21, dub. l. in Arr.An.6.6.5.I In the protasis of conditional sentences with εἰ, regularly with the subjunctive. In Attic εἰ ἄν is contracted into ἐάν, ἤν, or ἄν ([etym.] ᾱ) (q. v.): Hom. has generally εἴ κε (or αἴ κε), sts. ἤν, onceεἰ δ' ἄν Il.3.288
, twiceεἴπερ ἄν 5.224
, 232. The protasis expresses either future condition (with apod. of [tense] fut. time) or general condition (with apod. of repeated action): εἰ δέ κεν ὣς ἔρξῃς καί τοι πείθωνται Ἀχαιοί, γνώσῃ ἔπειθ' ὅς .. if thus thou shalt do.., ib.2.364; ἢν ἐγγὺς ἔλθῃ θάνατος, οὐδεὶς βούλεται θνῄσκειν if death (ever) come near.., E.Alc. 671.2 in relative or temporal clauses with a conditional force; here ἄν coalesces with ὅτε, ὁπότε, ἐπεί, ἐπειδή, cf. ὅταν, ὁπόταν, ἐπήν or ἐπάν ([dialect] Ion. ἐπεάν) , ἐπειδάν: Hom. has ὅτε κε (sts. ὅτ' ἄν) , ὁππότε κε (sts. ὁπότ' ἄν or ὁππότ' ἄν) , ἐπεί κε (ἐπεὶ ἄν Il.6.412
), ἐπήν, εὖτ' ἄν; v. also εἰσόκε ([etym.] εἰς ὅ κε):—τάων ἥν κ' ἐθέλωμι φίλην ποιήσομ' ἄκοιτιν whomsoever of these I may wish.., Il.9.397; ὅταν δὴ μὴ σθένω, πεπαύσομαι when I shall have no strength.., S.Ant.91; ἐχθρὸς γάρ μοι κεῖνος.. ὅς χ' ἕτερον μὲν κεύθῃ ἐνὶ φρεσίν, ἄλλο δὲ εἴπῃ who ever conceals one thing in his mind and speaks another, Il.9.312, cf. D.4.6, Th.1.21. —Hom. uses subj. in both the above constructions (1 and 2 ) without ἄν; also Trag. and Com., S.Aj. 496, Ar.Eq. 805; μέχρι and πρίν occasionally take subj. without ἄν in prose, e.g. Th.1.137,4.16 ([etym.] μέχρι οὗ), Pl.Phd. 62c, Aeschin.3.60.3 in final clauses introduced by relative Advbs., as ὡς, ὅπως (of Manner), ἵνα (of Place), ὄφρα, ἕως, etc. (of Time), freq. in [dialect] Ep.,σαώτερος ὥς κε νέηαι Il.1.32
;ὄφρα κεν εὕδῃ Od.3.359
;ὅπως ἂν εἰδῇ.. φράσω A.Pr. 824
;ὅπως ἂν φαίνηται κάλλιστος Pl.Smp. 198e
; (where ὅπως with [tense] fut. ind. is the regular constr.); also after ὡς in Hdt., Trag., X.An.2.5.16, al., once in Th.6.91 (but [tense] fut. ind. is regular in [dialect] Att.); ἵνα final does not take ἄν or κε exc.ἵνα εἰδότες ἤ κε θάνωμεν ἤ κεν.. φύγοιμεν Od.12.156
( ἵνα = where in S.OC 405). μή, = lest, takes ἄν only with opt. in apodosis, as S.Tr. 631, Th.2.93.II in [dialect] Ep. sts. with OPTATIVE as with subj. (always κε ([etym.] ν), exc.εἴ περ ἂν αὐταὶ Μοῦσαι ἀείδοιεν Il.2.597
),εἴ κεν Ἄρης οἴχοιτο Od.8.353
; ὥς κε.. δοίη ᾧ κ' ἐθέλοι that he might give her to whomsoever he might please, ib.2.54: so in Hdt. in final clauses, 1.75,99:—in Od.23.135 ὥς κέν τις φαίη, κέν belongs to Verb in apod., as inὡς δ' ἂν ἥδιστα ταῦτα φαίνοιτο X.Cyr.7.5.81
.2 rarely in oratio obliqua, where a relat. or temp. word retains an ἄν which it would have with subj. in direct form, S.Tr. 687, X.Mem.1.2.6, Isoc.17.15;ἐπειδὰν δοκιμασθείην D.30.6
:—similarly after a preceding opt.,οὐκ ἀποκρίναιο ἕως ἂν.. σκέψαιο Pl.Phd. 101d
.III rarely with εἰ and INDICATIVE in protasis, only in [dialect] Ep.:1 with [tense] fut. ind. as with subj.:αἴ κεν Ἰλίου πεφιδήσεται Il.15.213
:—so with relat.,οἵ κέ με τιμήσουσι 1.175
.2 with εἰ and a past tense of ind., once in Hom.,εἰ δέ κ' ἔτι προτέρω γένετο δρόμος Il.23.526
; so Ζεὺς γάρ κ' ἔθηκε νῆσον εἴ κ' ἐβούλετο Orac. ap. Hdt.1.174, cf. Ar.Lys. 1099 (cod. R), A.R.1.197.IV in later Greek, ἄν with relative words is used with INDICATIVE in all tenses, asὅπου ἂν εἰσεπορεύετο Ev.Marc.6.56
;ὅσ' ἂν πάσχετε PFay. 136
(iv A. D.);ἔνθ' ἂν πέφυκεν ἡ ὁλότης εἶναι Phlp. in Ph.436.19
; cf. ἐάν, ὅταν.C with [tense] impf. and more rarely [tense] aor. ind. in ITERATIVE construction, to express elliptically a condilion fulfilled whenever an opportumty offered; freq. in Hdt. (not in Pi. or A.), κλαίεσκε ἂν καὶ ὀδυρέσκετο she would (i. e. used to) weep and lament, 3.119;εἶτα πῦρ ἂν οὐ παρῆν S.Ph. 295
; εἴ τινες ἴδοιεν.., ἀνεθάρσησαν ἄν whenever they saw it, on each occasion, Th.7.71;διηρώτων ἂν αὐτοὺς τί λέγοιεν Pl.Ap. 22b
: inf. representing [tense] impf. of this constr., ἀκούω Λακεδαιμονίους τότε ἐμβαλόντας ἂν.. ἀναχωρεῖν, i. e. I hear they used to retire ([etym.] ἀνεχώρουν ἄν), D.9.48.D GENERAL REMARKS:I POSITION OF ἄν.1 in A, when ἄν does not coalesce with the relat. word (as in ἐάν, ὅταν), it follows directly or is separated only by other particles, as μέν, δέ, τε, ga/r, kai/, νυ, περ, etc.; asεἰ μέν κεν.. εἰ δέ κε Il.3.281
-4; rarely by τις, asὅποι τις ἄν, οἶμαι, προσθῇ D.2.14
:—in Hom. and Hes. two such Particles may precede κε, asεἴ περ γάρ κεν Od.8.355
, cf. Il.2.123; εἰ γάρ τίς κε, ὃς μὲν γάρ κε, Hes.Op. 280, 357; rarely in Prose,ὅποι μὲν γὰρ ἄν D.4.45
;ὁπότερος οὖν ἄν Ar.Ra. 1420
: alsoὁπόσῳ πλέον ἄν Pl.Lg. 647e
, cf. 850a; .2 in apodosis, ἄν may stand either next to its Verb (before or after it), or after some other emphatic word, esp. an interrog., a negative (e. g. οὐδ' ἂν εἷς, οὐκ ἂν ἔτι, etc.), or an important Adjective or Adverb; also after a participle which represents the protasis, λέγοντος ἄν τινος πιστεῦσαι οἴεσθε; do you think they would have believed it if any one had told them? ([etym.] εἴ τις ἔλεγεν, ἐπίστευσαν ἄν), D.6.20.3 ἄν is freq. separated from its inf. by such Verbs as οἴομαι, δοκέω, φημί, οἶδα, etc., οὐκ ἂν οἴει .. ; freq. in Pl., Grg. 486d, al.; καὶ νῦν ἡδέως ἄν μοι δοκῶ κοινωνῆσαι I think that I should, X.Cyr.8.7.25;οὕτω γὰρ ἄν μοι δοκεῖ ἥ τε πόλις ἄριστα διοικεῖσθαι Aeschin.3.2
; ἃ μήτε προῄδει μηδεὶς μήτ' ἂν ᾠήθη τήμερον ῥηθῆναι (where ἄν belongs to ῥηθῆναι) D. 18.225:—in the phrase οὐκ οἶδ' ἂν εἰ, or οὐκ ἂν οἶδ' εἰ, ἄν belongs not to οἶδα, but to the Verb which follows, οὐκ οἶδ' ἂν εἰ πείσαιμι, for οὐκ οἶδα εἰ πείσαιμι ἄν, E.Med. 941, cf. Alc.48;οὐκ ἂν οἶδ' εἰ δυναίμην Pl. Ti. 26b
;οὐκ οἶδ' ἂν εἰ ἐκτησάμην X.Cyr.5.4.12
.4 ἄν never begins a sentence, or even a clause after a comma, but may stand first after a parenthetic clause,ἀλλ', ὦ μέλ', ἄν μοι σιτίων διπλῶν ἔδει Ar. Pax
<*>37.II REPETITION OF ἄν:—in apodosis ἄν may be used twice or even three times with the same Verb, either to make the condition felt throughout a long sentence, or to emphasize certain words,ὥστ' ἄν, εἰ σθένος λάβοιμι, δηλώσαιμ' ἄν S.El. 333
, cf. Ant.69, A.Ag. 340, Th.1.76 (fin.), 2.41, Pl.Ap. 31a, Lys.20.15; , cf. S.Fr. 739; attached to a parenthetical phrase, ἔδρασ' ἄν, εὖ τοῦτ' ἴσθ' ἄν, εἰ .. Id.OT 1438.2 ἄν is coupled with κε ([etym.] ν ) a few times in Hom., as Il.11.187, 202, Od.5.361, al.; cf. ἤν περ γάρ κ' ἐθέλωσιν v.l. ib.18.318.III ELLIPSIS OF VERB:—sts. the Verb to which ἄν belongs must be supplied, in Hom. only εἰμί, as τάτ' ἔλδεται ὅς κ' ἐπιδευής (sc. ᾖ) Il.5.481; ἀλλ' οὐκ ἂν πρὸ τοῦ (sc. ἔρρεγκον) Ar.Nu.5; τί δ' ἂν δοκεῖ σοι Πρίαμος (sc. πρᾶξαι), εἰ τάδ' ἤνυσεν; A.Ag. 935
:—so in phrases like πῶς γὰρ ἄν; and πῶς οὐκ ἄν (sc. εἴη); also in ὥσπερ ἂν εἰ (or ὡσπερανεί), as φοβούμενος ὥσπερ ἂν εἰ παῖς (i. e. ὥσπερ ἂν ἐφοβήθη εἰ παῖς ἦν) Pl.Grg. 479a; so τοσοῦτον ἐφρόνησαν, ὅσον περ ἂν (sc. ἐφρόνησαν)εἰ.. Isoc.10.48
:—so also when κἂν εἰ ( = καὶ ἂν εἰ) has either no Verb in the apod. or one to which ἄν cannot belong, Pl.R. 477a, Men. 72c; cf. κἄν:—so the Verb of a protasis containing ἄν may be understood, ὅποι τις ἂν προσθῇ, κἂν μικρὰν δύναμιν (i. e. καὶ ἐὰν προσθῇ) D.2.14; ὡς ἐμοῦ οὖν ἰόντος ὅπῃ ἂν καὶ ὑμεῖς (sc. ἴητε) X.An.1.3.6.IV ELLIPSIS OF ἄν:—when an apodosis consists of several co-ordinate clauses, ἄν is generally used only in the first and understood in the others:πείθοι' ἂν εἰ πείθοι'· ἀπειθοίης δ' ἴσως A.Ag. 1049
: even when the construction is continued in a new sentence, Pl.R. 352e, cf. 439b codd.: but ἄν is repeated for the sake of clearness or emphasis, ib. 398a, cf. D.19.156 (where an opt. is implied with the third ὡς): rarely expressed with the second of two co-ordinate Verbs and understood with the first, τοῦτον ἂν.. θαρσοίην ἐγὼ καλῶς μὲν ἄρχειν, εὖ δ' ἂν ἄρχεσθαι θέλειν (i. e. καλῶς μὲν ἂν ἄρχοι, εὖ δ' ἂν θέλοι ἄρχεσθαι) S.Ant. 669.------------------------------------ἄν (B), [pron. full] [ᾱ], [dialect] Att.,A = ἐάν, ἤν, Th.4.46 codd., al.; freq. in Pl.,ἂν σωφρονῇ Phd. 61b
; ἂν θεὸς θέλῃ ib. 80d, cf. D.4.50;ἄν τ'.. ἄν τε Arist. Ath.48.4
: not common in earlier [dialect] Att. Inscrr., IG1.2a5, 2.179b49, al.: but freq. later, SIG1044.27 (iv/iii B. C.), PPetr.2p.47 (iii B. C.), PPar.32.19 (ii B. C.), PTeb.110.8 (i B. C.), Ev.Jo.20.23, etc.------------------------------------ἄν (C) or [full] ἀν, Epic form of ἀνά, q. v.------------------------------------ -
8 σημερον
ἡ σ. ἡμέρα Dem., τὸ σ. Plat. и ἥ σ. Plut. — нынешний день, сегодня;
τὸ σ. εἶναι и εἰς σ. Plat. — на сегодня -
9 χορευω
тж. med.1) учреждать священные пляски2) устраивать хороводные пляски, водить хороводы Pind., Trag., Dem., Plut.χορεύεσθαι Βακχίῳ Eur. — устраивать хороводы в честь Вакха;
ἱκανῶς κεχορευχώς Plat. — достаточно опытный в хороводном искусстве3) плясать, танцевать(χορεῦσαι ὑφ΄ ἡδονῆς Arph.; χ. καὴ ἐν εὐπαθείῃσι εἶναι Her.)
4) славить хороводными плясками(Φοῖβον Pind.; Ἴακχον Soph.)
χορεύεσθαι τὰν κόραν καὴ ματέρα Eur. — водить хороводы в честь дочери и матери (т.е. Персефоны и Деметры);χορεύεσθαι (pass.) πρός τινος Soph. — быть прославляемым чьими-л. хороводами5) справлять или праздновать с хороводными плясками(γάμους Eur.; ὄργια Μουσῶν Arph.)
φροίμιον χορεύεσθαι Eur. — открывать празднество пляской;ἀγῶνας χ. Polyb. — устраивать состязания с хороводными плясками;χορεύεσθαι βοάν Arph. — с криком водить хоровод;κεχόρευται μετρίως τὸ τήμερον ἡμῖν Arph. — сегодня мы изрядно поработали в хоре;τὰ ῥηθέντα ἢ μελῳδηθέντα ἢ χορευθέντα Plat. — выражаемое речью, пением или пляской6) побуждать к пляске, кружить в хороводе(τινά Eur.; πόδα Anth.)
μανιάσιν λύσσαις χορευθείς Eur. — закружившийся в исступленно-безумной пляске7) перен. действовать, поступать -
10 μέν
μέν, Particle, used partly to express certainty on the part of the speaker or writer; partly, and more commonly, to point out that the word or clause with which it stands is correlative to another word or clause that is to follow, the latter word or clause being introduced by δέ.AI μέν used absolutely to express certainty, not followed by correlative δέ, indeed, of a truth, synonymous with μήν, as appears from the [dialect] Ep. and [dialect] Ion. form ἦ μέν in protestations and oaths (where [dialect] Att. used ἦ μήν), καί μοι ὄμοσσον, ἦ μ. μοι πρόφρων ἔπεσιν καὶ χερσὶν ἀρήξειν Il.1.77
, cf. 14.275;ἦ μέν τοι τάδε πάντα τελείεται Od.14.160
, cf. Il.24.416;τοῦτον ἐξορκοῖ, ἦ μέν οἱ διηκονήσειν Hdt.4.154
, cf. 5.93, etc.: with neg.,οὐ μὲν γάρ τι κακὸν βασιλευέμεν Od.1.392
, etc.;ὤμοσα, μὴ μὲν.. ἀναφῆναι 4.254
, cf. Hdt.2.118, 179;ἔξαρνος ἦν, μὴ μὲν ἀποκτεῖναι Id.3.67
, cf. 99: without neg., : also in Trag., , cf. 159 (anap.), OC44, E.Med. 676, 1129, etc.;καὶ μέν Il.1.269
, 9.632, etc.; οὐδὲ μὲν οὐδὲ .. 2.703, 12.212; γε μέν, cf. γε 1.5.2 an answering clause with δέ is sts. implied, τὴν μὲν ἐγὼ σπουδῇ δάμνημ' ἐπέεσσι her can I hardly subdue, [ but all others easily], Il.5.893; ὡς μὲν λέγουσι as indeed they say, [ but as I believe not], E.Or. 8; καὶ πρῶτον μὲν ἦν αὐτῷ πόλεμος (with no ἔπειτα δέ to follow), X. An.1.9.14; so νῦν μέν σ' ἀφήσω I will let you go this time, Herod.5.81: to give force to assertions made by a person respecting himself, wherein opposition to other persons is implied,ὡς μὲν ἐμῷ θυμῷ δοκεῖ Od. 13.154
; δοκεῖν μέν μοι ἥξει τήμερον [τὸ πλοῖον] Pl.Cri. 43d: hence with the pers. Pron.,ἐγὼ μέν νυν θεοῖσι ἔχω χάριν Hdt.1.71
; ἐγὼ μὲν οὐδέν (sc. θέλω) S.Ant. 498;ἐμοῦ μὲν οὐχ ἑκόντος Id.Aj. 455
;ἐγὼ μὲν οὐκ οἶδα X.Cyr.1.4.12
, cf. 4.2.45, etc.: with the demonstr. Pron., : generally, to emphasize the preceding word, πολλὴ μὲν ἡ μεταβολή μοι γέγονεν great indeed has been the change, Is.1.1, cf. Simon.5.1, etc.3 μέν is used alone in questions, when the answer is assumed, I take it, θέμις μὲν ἡμᾶς χρησμὸν εἰδέναι θεοῦ; E.Med. 676, cf. Ion 520 (troch.), Hipp. 316, S.Ant. 634, Ar.Av. 1214; Ἕλλην μέν ἐστι καὶ Ἑλληνίζει; Pl.Men. 82b.II μέν folld. by δέ in the correlative clause or clauses, on the one hand, on the other hand; commonly in Classical Gr., less freq. in later Gr. (rare in NT):1 μέν.., δέ .. (or when the correlative clause is neg., μέν.., οὐδέ .., Il.1.318, 536), to mark opposition, Hom., etc.—The opposed clauses commonly stand together, but are freq. separated by clauses, parenthetic or explanatory; e.g. μέν in Il.2.494 is answered by δέ in 511, 527 sq.; in X.An.1.9.2, πρῶτον μέν is answered by ἐπεὶ δέ in <*> 6; in Id.Mem.1.1.2, πρῶτον μέν is answered by θαυμαστὸν δέ in 1.2.1.2 to connect a series of clauses containing different matter, though with no opposition, Il.1.18sq., 306 sq. (five δέ-clauses), 433 sq. (eight δέ-clauses), cf. X.An. 1.3.14,7.10sq.: freq. when the members of a group or class are distinctly specified, παῖδες δύο, πρεσβύτερος μὲν Ἀρταξέρξης, νεώτερος δὲ Κῦρος ib.1.1.1; τάφρος.., τὸ μὲν εὖρος ὀργυιαὶ πέντε, τὸ δὲ βάθος ὀργυιαὶ τρεῖς ib.1.7.14; πρῶτος μέν.., δεύτερος δέ.., τρίτος δέ .. ib.5.6.9; τότε μέν.., τότε δέ .., at one time.., at another.., ib.6.1.9, etc.: esp. with the Art. used as a Pron., ὁ μέν.., ὁ δέ.. ; τὸ μέν.., τὸ δέ .., etc.3 the principal word is freq. repeated,οἳ περὶ μὲν βουλὴν Δαναῶν, περὶ δ' ἐστὲ μάχεσθαι Il.1.258
, cf. 288, Od.15.70;ἔνι μὲν φιλότης, ἐν δ' ἵμερος, ἐν δ' ὀαριστύς Il.14.216
;Ξέρξης μὲν ἄγαγεν.., Ξέρξης δ' ἀπώλεσεν A.Pers. 550
, cf. 560, 694, 700 (all lyr.);χαλεπαίνει μὲν πρῳρεύς, χαλεπαίνει δὲ κυβερνήτης X.An.5.8.20
.4 one of the correlative clauses is sts. independent, while the other takes the part. or some other dependent form, ἐβλασφήμει κατ' ἐμοῦ.., μάρτυρα μὲν.. οὐδένα παρασχόμενος.., παρεκελεύετο δέ .. D.57.11;οἱ ἀμφὶ βασιλέα, πεζοὶ μὲν οὐκέτι, τῶν δὲ ἱππέων ὁ λόφος ἐνεπλήσθη X.An.1.10.12
, cf. 2.1.7, 5.6.29; , cf. OC 522 (bothlyr.);χωρὶς μὲν τοῦ ἐστερῆσθαι.., ἔτι δὲ καὶ.. δόξω ἀμελῆσαι Pl.Cri.44
b.5 μέν and δέ freq. oppose two clauses, whereof one is subordinate to the other in meaning or emphasis, ἀλλ' ἐκεῖνο θαυμάζω, εἰ Λακεδαιμονίοις μέν ποτε.. ἀντήρατε,.. νυνὶ δὲ ὀκνεῖτ' ἐξιέναι (for εἰ.. ἀντάραντες νυνὶ ὀκνεῖτε) D.2.24, cf. E.IT 116, Lys.34.11, X.Mem.2.7.11, etc.: so in an anacoluthon, τρία μὲν ὄντα.. ναυτικά.., τούτων δ' εἰ περιόψεσθε τὰ δύο, κτλ., Th.1.36.6 μέν is not always answered by δέ, but freq. by other equiv. Particles, as ἀλλά, Il.1.22 sq., 2.703 sq., Pi.O.9.1, A.Pers. 176, X.An.1.7.17:—by μέντοι, Hdt.1.36, S.Ph. 350, D.21.189, etc.:—by ἀτάρ, Il.6.84, 124, A.Pr. 342, S.OT 1051sq., Pl. Tht. 172c, etc. (so μέν.., αὐτάρ in [dialect] Ep., Il.1.50, Od.19.513, etc.):— by αὖ, Il.11.108, Od.4.210:—by αὖθις, S.Ant. 165:—by αὖτε, Il.1.234, Od.22.5:—by temporal Particles, πρῶτα μέν.., εἶτα .. S.El. 261; πρῶτον μέν.., μετὰ τοῦτο .. X.An.6.1.5-7; μάλιστα μὲν δὴ.., ἔπειτα μέντοι .. S.Ph. 350, cf. OT 647:—rarely by μήν with neg.,οὐδὲν μὴν κωλύει Pl.Phdr. 268e
;οὐ μὴν αὐταί γε Id.Phlb. 12d
.b when the opposition is emphatic, δέ is sts. strengthd., as ὅμως δέ .. S.OT 785, Ph. 473, 1074, etc. (so ); δ' αὖ .. Il.4.415, X.An.1.10.5; δ' ἔμπης .. Il.1.561-2.c μέν is sts. answered by a copul. Particle, κάρτιστοι μὲν ἔσαν καὶ καρτίστοις ἐμάχοντο ib. 267, cf. 459, Od. 22.475, S.Aj.1, Tr. 689, E.Med. 125 (anap.), etc.: rarely in Prose,τρία μὲν ἔτη ἀντεῖχον.., καὶ οὐ πρότερον ἐνέδοσαν Th.2.65
(dub.).B μέν before other Particles:I where each Particle retains its force,2μὲν γάρ S.OT62
, Th.1.142, etc.:— in Hom. there is freq. no second clause, Od.1.173, 392, cf. S.OT 1062, etc.;μὲν γὰρ δή Il.11.825
;μὲν γάρ τε 17.727
.3 μέν γε, when a general statement is explained in detail,Κορινθίοις μέν γε ἔνσπονδοί ἐστε Th.1.40
, cf. 70, 6.86, Hdt.6.46, Antipho 5.14, Lys. 13.27, Is.4.8, Ar.Nu. 1382, V. 564, E.Fr.909.4.4μὲν δή Il.1.514
, Hdt.1.32, etc.: freq. used to express positive certainty,ἀλλ' οἶσθα μὲν δή S. Tr. 627
, cf. OT 294;τὰ μὲν δὴ τόξ' ἔχεις Id.Ph. 1308
; esp. as a conclusion,τοῦτο μὲν δὴ.. ὁμολογεῖται Pl.Grg. 470b
, cf. X.Cyr.1.1.6, etc.: in closing a statement,τοιαῦτα μὲν δὴ ταῦτα A.Pr. 500
, etc.: used in answers to convey full assent, ἦ μὲν δή (cf. supr. A) Il.9.348, Od.4.33;καὶ μὲν δή.. γε Pl.R. 409b
; οὐ μὲν δή, to deny positively, Il.8.238, X.Cyr.1.6.9, Pl.Tht. 148e, etc.;οὐ μὲν δή.. γε X.An.2.2.3
, 3.2.14; ἀλλ' οὔ τι μὲν δή .. Pl.Tht. 187a.5 μὲν οὖν, v. infr.11.2.II where the Particles combine so as to form a new sense,1 μέν γε at all events, at any rate (not in Trag.),τοῦτο μέν γ' ἤδη σαφές Ar.Ach. 154
, cf. Nu. 1172, Lys. 1165, Ra.80, Th.3.39;μέν γέ που Pl.R. 559b
, Tht. 147a.2 μὲν οὖν is freq. used with a corresponding δέ, so that each Particle retains its force, Od.4.780, Pi.O.1.111, S.OT 244, 843; Ph. 359, D.2.5, etc.: but freq. also abs., so then, S.Ant.65;ταῦτα μὲν οὖν παραλείψω D.2.3
; esp. in replies, sts. in strong affirmation,παντάπασι μὲν οὖν Pl.Tht. 158d
; κομιδῇ μὲν οὖν ib. 159e; πάνυ μὲν οὖν ib. 159b; ἀνάγκη μὲν οὖν ib. 189e; also to substitute a new statement so as to correct a preceding statement, nay rather, κακοδαίμων; Answ. βαρυδαίμων μὲν οὖν! Ar.Ec. 1102; μου πρὸς τὴν κεφαλὴν ἀποψῶ wipe your nose on my head: Answ. ἐμοῦ μὲν οὖν .. nay on mine, Id.Eq. 911, cf. A.Pers. 1032 (lyr.), Ag. 1090 (lyr.), 1396, S.Aj. 1363, El. 1503, OT 705, Ar.Ra. 241, Pl.Cri. 44b, Grg. 466a, 470b, Prt. 309d, etc.; alsoμὲν οὖν δή S.Tr. 153
;καὶ δὴ μὲν οὖν Id.OC31
; cf. οὐμενοῦν: in NT μενοῦν and μενοῦνγε, to begin a sentence, yea rather, Ev.Luc.11.28, Ep.Rom.9.20, etc., cf. Phryn.322, Hsch.—In [dialect] Ion., μέν νυν is used for μὲν οὖν, Hdt.1.18, 4.145, etc.3 by μέν τε, if δέ τε follows, the two clauses are more closely combined than by τε.., τε .., Il.5.139, al.; μέν τε is freq. answered by δέ alone, 16.28, al.; by ἀλλά, αὐτάρ, 17.727, Od.1.215, al.; perh. by ἠδέ, Il.4.341:— Hom. also uses μέν τε abs., when τε loses its force, as after ἦ, τίς, etc., Il.2.145, al.4 μέν τοι in Hom. always occurs in speeches, where τοι can be regarded as the dat. of the Pron.: later, μέντοι is written as a single word, and is used:a with a conj. force, yet, nevertheless, A.Pr. 320, 1054 (anap.), S.Tr. 413, etc.; and sts. stands for δέ, answering to μέν, v. supr. A.11.6 a.b as an Adv., in strong protestations, οὐ μέντοι μὰ Δία .. D.4.49; in eager or positive assent, of course, φαμέν τι εἶναι .. ; Answ.φαμὲν μέντοι νὴ Δία Pl.Phd. 65d
, al.: with a neg. to give emphasis to a question, οὐ σὺ μέντοι .. ; why, are you not.. ? Id.Prt. 309a, cf. Phdr. 229b, R. 339b, etc.: sts. to express impatience, ὄμνυμι γάρ σοι—τίνα μέντοι, τίνα θεῶν; Id.Phdr. 236d; τί μ. πρῶτον ἦν, τί πρῶτον ἦν; nay what was the first? Ar.Nu. 787;οὗτος, σὲ λέγω μ. Id.Ra. 171
; σὺ μέντοι .. Luc.Alex.44: with imper., to enforce the command, τουτὶ μ. σὺ φυλάττου only take heed.., Ar. Pax 1100, cf.Av. 661, X.An.1.4.8: in answers, γελοῖον μέντἂν εἴη nay it would be absurd, Pl.Tht. 158e; summing up a long temporal clause, And.1.130.cμέντοι γε X.Cyr.5.5.24
, etc.;οὐ μ. γε Diog.Apoll.5
: in later Gr. μέντοιγε stands first in the sentence,μ. οὐ θέλω PLond.3.897.13
(i A.D.); also , S.OT 778, 1292, E.Hec. 600;ὅμως γε μ. Ar.Ra.61
.d καὶ μ. καί is used to add a point to be noted, Heraclit.28, Pl.R. 331d; also καί.. μ., νῦν σοι καιρός ἐστιν ἐπιδείξασθαι τὴν παιδείαν, καὶ φυλάξασθαι μέντοι .. and of course to take care.., X.An.4.6.15 (v.l.), cf. 1.8.20, Pl.Prt. 339c, Tht. 143a.e ἀλλὰ μέντοι well, if it comes to that, X.An.4.6.16; well, of course, Pl.R. 331e, etc.; cf. μέντον.D Position of μέν. Like δέ, it usu. stands as the second word in a sentence. But when a sentence begins with words common to its subordinate clauses, μέν stands second in the first of these clauses, asἥδε γὰρ γυνὴ δούλη μέν, εἴρηκεν δ' ἐλεύθερον λόγον S.Tr.63
; οἱ Ἀθηναῖοι ἐτάξαντο μέν.., ἡσύχαζον δέ .. Th.4.73, cf. 113, etc. It also attaches itself to words which mark opposition, as πρῶτον μέν, τότε μέν, ἐγὼ μέν, even when these do not stand first: sts. however it precedes them,ὡς μὲν ἐγὼ οἶμαι Pl.Phdr. 228b
;ὡς μέν τινες ἔφασαν X.Cyr.5.2.28
. It generally stands between the Art. and Noun, or the Prep. and its Case: but if special stress is laid on the Noun, this is sts. neglected, asοἱ Τεγεᾶται μὲν ἐπηυλίσαντο, Μαντινῆς δὲ ἀπεχώρησαν Th.4.134
; ἀνὰ τὸ σκοτεινὸν μέν .. Id.3.22; alsoτῇ σῇ μὲν εὐδαιμονίῃ, τῇ ἐμεωυτοῦ δὲ κακοδαιμονίῃ Hdt. 1.87
.II μέν is freq. repeated:1 when, besides the opposition of two main clauses, a subordinate opposition is introduced into the first, ὁ μὲν ἀνὴρ τοιαῦτα μὲν πεποίηκε τοιαῦτα δὲ λέγει, ὑμῶν δέ .. X.An.1.6.9, cf. 5.8.24, Th.8.104, D.18.214, 23.208.2 in apodosi with the demonstr. Pron. or Adv., τὸν μὲν καλέουσι θέρος, τοῦτον μὲν προσκυνέουσι, τὸν δὲ χειμῶνα .. Hdt.2.121; ὅσοι μὲν δὴ νομοῦ τοῦ Θηβαίου εἰσί, οὗτοι μέν [νυν].. αἶγας θύουσι· ὅσοι δὲ.. νομοῦ τοῦ Μενδησίου εἰσί, οὗτοι δὲ.. ὄϊς θύουσι ib.42, cf.3.108, al.; ὅτε μέν με οἱ ἄρχοντες ἔταττον.., τότε μὲν ἔμενον.., τοῦ δὲ θεοῦ τάττοντος,.. ἐνταῦθα δέ .. Pl.Ap. 28e, cf. Grg. 512a.3 μέν used absolutely is freq. folld. by a correlativeμέν, εἰ μὲν οὖν ἡμεῖς μὲν.. ποιοῦμεν Id.R. 421a
.III μέν is sts. omitted (esp. in Poetry) where it is implied in the followingδέ, φεύγων, ὁ δ' ὄπισθε διώκων Il.22.157
;ἐλευθεροῦτε πατρίδ', ἐλευθεροῦτε δὲ παῖδας A. Pers. 403
;σφραγῖδε.. χρυσοῦν ἔχουσα τὸν δακτύλιον, ἡ δ' ἑτέρα ἀργυροῦν IG22.1388.45
, cf. Ar.Nu. 396, Pl.Sph. 221e, Arist.Po. 1447b14, etc. -
11 ἄχρι
I Adv. to the uttermost, τένοντε ;ἀπὸ δ' ὀστέον ἄχρις ἄραξε 16.324
, cf. 17.599.2 after Hom., before Preps.,ἄχρι εἰς Κοτύωρα X.An.5.5.4
;ἄ. ἐς ποταμόν Tab.Heracl.1.17
; ἄχρι πρὸς τὸν σκοπόν, πρὸς τὴν πόλιν, Luc.Nigr.36, Herm.24;ἄχρις ἐπ' ἄκνηστιν A.R.4.1403
;ἐπ' ὀστέον IG12(7).115.9
([place name] Amorgos);ἄχρι ἐπὶ πολὺ τῶν πλευρῶν Thphr.Char.19.3
;ἄχρις ἐς ἠῶ Q.S.6.177
;ἄχρι ὑπὸ τὴν πυγήν Luc.DMort.27.4
: less freq. after the Noun,ἐς τέλος ἄχρις Q.S.2.617
, cf. Nonn.D.5.153, etc.: rarely c. acc.,ἄχρι.. θρόνον ἦλθεν IG14.2012
(Sulp. Max.): with an Adv., ἄχρι πόρρω still farther, Luc.Am.12;ἄχρι δεῦρο S.E.M.8.401
.II Prep. with gen., even to, as far as,1 of Time, until, ἄχρι μάλα κνέφαος until deep in the night, Od.18.370;ἄχρι τῆς τήμερον ἡμέρας D.9.28
;ἀπὸ τῆς ἀρχῆς ἄχρι τῆς τελευτῆς Id.18.179
;ἄχρι γήρως Apollod.Com.2
; ἄχρι δὲ τούτου until then, Sol.13.35;ἄχρι τοῦ νῦν Timostr.1
, Ep.Rom.8.22;ἄχρι νῦν Luc. Tim.39
, LXX Ge.44.28; continually,Plu.
Cic.6.2 of Space, as far as, even to,ἄχρι τῆς ἐσόδου τοῦ ἱροῦ Hdt.2.138
(who elsewh. has μέχρι); ἄ. τῆς ὁδοῦ IG12.893
;ἄ. τῆς πυλίδος SIG2587.25
;ἄ. τοῦ Πειραιῶς D.18.301
;ἔδακνεν ἄχρι τῆς καρδίας Com.Adesp.475
;ἄχρις ἥπατος Ti.Locr.101a
, cf. 100e;ἄχρι τῆς πόλεως D.H.2.43
;ἄ. τοῦ δεῦρο Gal.10.676
: after its case,ἰνίου ἄχρις Euph.41
.3 of Measure or Degree, ἄχρι τούτου up to this point, D.23.122;ἄχρι τοῦ μὴ πεινῆν X.Smp.4.37
;ἄχρι τοῦ θορυβῆσαι D.8.77
;ἄ. θανάτου Act.Ap. 22.4
; ἄχρι τῆς πρὸς τὸν πλησίον δοξοκοπίας Polystr.p.19 W.III as Conj., ἄχρι, ἄχρις with or without οὗ,1 of Time, until, so long as,ἄχρι οὗ ὅδε ὁ λόγος ἐγράφετο X.HG6.4.37
;ἄχρις ὅτου Epigr.Gr.314.24
([place name] Smyrna); ἄχρι οὗ ἄν or ἄχρι ἄν with Subj., ἄχρι ἂν σχολάσῃ till he should be at leisure, X.An.2.3.2;ἄχρις οὗ ἂν δοκέῃ Hp.Fist.3
;ἄχρις ἂν αἱ ἡμέραι παρέλθωσιν Id.Int.40
; ἄχρι ἂν ἔχῃ τὸ ἴδιον ἐντελές [ἡ ἱστορία] Luc.Hist.Conscr.9: withoutἄν, ἄχρις ῥεύσῃ Bion 1.47
; ἄχρι οὗ τελευτήσῃ (v.l. -σει) Hdt.1.117;ἄχρι οὗ ἐπιλάμψῃ Plu.Aem.17
; ἄχρι ἄν, c.inf., Epist.Mithr. in SIG741.37: c. inf. only,ἄχρις ἱκέσθαι ὀστέον Q.S.4.361
.2 of Space, so far as,διώξας, ἄχρι οὗ ἀσφαλὲς ᾤετο εἶναι X.Cyr.5.4.16
: c. subj.,αὐξάνεται εἰς μῆκος, ἄχρι οὗ δὴ ἐφίκηται τοῦ ἡλίου Thphr.HP5.1.8
; cf. μέχρι throughout. —[dialect] Ep. poets use ἄχρι or ἄχρις, as the metre requires: in [dialect] Ion. μέχρι is preferred (v. supr.): but ἄχρι, -ις are more common in Hom. than μέχρι: the only [dialect] Att. forms are ἄχρι, μέχρι, before both consonants and vowels, cf. Phryn.6, Moer.34; and so in [dialect] Att. Inscrr. (where it is somewhat less freq. than μέχρι): ἄχρι ἄν with hiatus in IG2.2729, Hegesipp.Com.1.26; but .—Never in Trag. (ἄχρι, = ṃṃ-χρι, cf. μέχρι.) -
12 ἑορτή
ἑορτή, ῆς, ἡ (s. prec. entry; Hom.+; ins, pap, LXX; ParJer 7:31; EpArist, Philo, Joseph.; Ar. 10:8; Just., Mel.; Ath. 26, 3) a day or series of days marked by a periodic celebration or observance, festival, celebration ἐν μέρει ἑορτῆς with regard to a festival Col 2:16. More specif. defined ἡ ἑ. τοῦ πάσχα the Passover festival (Ex 34:25) Lk 2:41; J 13:1. τὸ πάσχα ἡ ἑ. τῶν Ἰουδαίων 6:4. ἡ ἑ. τῶν ἀζύμων the festival of unleavened bread Lk 22:1; cp. GPt 2:5 (Mel., P. 93, 695). ἡ ἑ. τῶν Ἰουδαίων ἡ σκηνοπηγία the Judeans’ festival of Tabernacles or Booths J 7:2; ἡ ἑ. the festival is shown by the context to be a particular one: Passover Mt 26:5; Lk 2:42; J 4:45; 11:56; 12:12, 20 al.; the festival of Tabernacles 7:8, 10f, 14, 37.—5:1 the witnesses and editions vary betw. the indefinite ἑ. a festival and ἡ ἑ. the festival (for the attestation and interpr. s. Hdb. ad loc.; JUbbink, NThSt 5, 1922, 131–36). Simply ἑ. of the feast of Tabernacles PtK 2 p. 14, 29.—ἐν τ. ἑ. during the festival (Jos., Bell. 2, 89, Ant. 20, 109 ἐν ἑ.) Mt 26:5; Mk 14:2; J 4:45; 7:11; 12:20; εἶναι ἐν τ. ἑορτῇ take part in the festival 2:23 (CBurchard, ZNW 61, ’70, 157–88—also Mk 14:2, Mt 26:5, J 7:11). εἰς τ. ἑορτήν for the festival 13:29 (cp. BGU 596, 7 [84 A.D.] ὅπως εἰς τ. ἑορτὴν περιστερείδια ἡμεῖν ἀγοράσῃ). ἀναβαίνειν (i.e. to Jerusalem) εἰς τ. ἑ. 7:8, 10 (cp. BGU 48, 18 ἐὰν ἀναβῇς τῇ ἑορτῇ); ἔρχεσθαι εἰς τ. ἑ. (Jos., Bell. 1, 73; 6, 300) 4:45; 11:56; 12:12. τ. ἑορτῆς μεσούσης when the festival was half over 7:14. τ. ἑορτῆς παυσαμένης GPt 14:58. κατὰ ἑορτήν at each (Passover) festival Mt 27:15; Mk 15:6; Lk 23:17 v.l. (should it be limited to the Passover? Any festival at all could be the proper occasion to free a prisoner. Cp. Heliod. 8, 7 p. 227, 6ff Bekker: ἡ δέσποινα … τήμερον ἀφήσειν ἐπηγγείλατο [Theagenes], ἑορτήν τινα πάτριον εὐωχεῖν μέλλουσα ‘the mistress has promised to release [Theagenes], out of intention to celebrate some traditional festival’). κατὰ τὸ ἔθος τ. ἑορτῆς acc. to the custom of the feast Lk 2:42. τ. ἑορτὴν ποιεῖν keep the festival (Ael. Aristid. 29, 4 K.=40 p. 752 D.; Vi. Aesopi G 123 P.; Ex 23:16) Ac 18:21 D. Of a joyous festival (contrast πένθος time of sorrow) Dg 4:5.—DELG. M-M.
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